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Biology > Cell Structure > Flashcards

Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Nucleus

A

Control centre

Genes decide which proteins the cell makes

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2
Q

Cell membrane

A

Allows certain substances to pass through the cell

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3
Q

Mitochondria

A

Organelles that carry out respiration, provides the cell with energy

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4
Q

Cell wall

A

Made of cellulose

Allows cell to keep its shape

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5
Q

Vacuole

A

Large vesicles

Storage area for sugars and minerals

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6
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Contain chlorophyll which converts sunlight into sugars for food

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7
Q

Ribosomes

A

Tiny structures

Makes protein

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8
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Breaks down the body’s waste
Aid metabolic activity
Where chemical reactions happen

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9
Q

What are cells?

A

The basic unit of a living organism where all life processes are carried out

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10
Q

What do animal cells contain

A

Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria

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11
Q

What do plant cells contain

A 
Cell wall
Cell membrane 
Nucleus 
Cytoplasm 
Vacuole 
Chloroplasts
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12
Q

What are specialised cells?

A

Specialised cells are those which have developed certain characteristics in order to perform particular functions

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13
Q

What is differentiation?

A

A process that involves the cell gaining new structures within the cell in order for it to be suited to its function

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14
Q

How many times in animal cells, do cells differentiate?

A

Once

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15
Q

What are stem cells?

A

Undifferentiated cells

Used to divide and produce new differentiated cells within the tissue for growth and repair

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16
Q

What are adult stem cells used for?

A

Medicine as they can be directed to differentiate into several different cell types

17
Q

Where are stem cells found in great numbers?

A

In embryonic tissue

18
Q

Advantages of stem cells in medicine

A

Can be used to replace damaged cells (spinal chord injury)
Bone marrow transplants (adult stem cell transplant) - treat leukaemia
Whole organs could be grown for transplants without the need to find a donor

19
Q

Disadvantages of stem cells in medicine

A

Immoral to destroy a human life
Mutations can occur in stem cells
Difficulties in finding suitable stem cell donors
It is impossible to obtain embryonic stem cells from a patient as they have to be collected before birth

20
Q

Embryonic stem cells

A

Made form blastocysts

Can become all cell types

21
Q

Adult stem cells

A

Limited to differentiating

Biology (20 decks)

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