Enzymes Flashcards
Definition is enzymes
Biological catalysts that help speed up specific reactions and can never get used up
Properties of enzymes
Made of protein
Influenced by temp and ph
Found in cells of all living things
How do enzymes work
They have a specific 3D structure
Lock and key theory - requires correct orientation, sufficient energy
1) substrate fits into the active site of enzyme
2) reaction occurs
3) products leave active site, enzyme ready to work again
What is denaturing
Enzymes can become damaged in high temps or change from normal ph range
This damage is irreversible - enzyme can no longer work
What is activation energy
The energy required for a reaction to take place
Active site
The region of an enzyme where the substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction
What is a substrate
A molecule which an enzyme acts upon
Protease
Proteins to amino acids
Carbohydrates
Carbs into glucose
Lipase
Fats into fatty acids and glycerol
Catalase
Hydrogen peroxide into water
Practical to investigate ph and enzyme
1) place beaker of water on gauze (over Bunsen)
2) 2 drops of iodine solution on spotting tile
3) add 2cm3 of amylase enzyme solution to test tube
4) add 2cm3 of starch solution to same test tube
5) add 1 cm3 of ph solution to the test tube
6) mix solution and place tube in the beaker
7) use pipette to remove a few drops of solution every 20 secs, put into spotting tile
8) repeat until iodine solution stops turning black
9) record time it takes
10) repeat with different ph
How do enzymes work
Shape of enzymes active site is complimentary to the shape of one particular substrate
Two bind together to form an enzyme-substrate complex
Quick reaction
Products get released form enzymes active sit
Enzymes are free to catalyse another reaction
What is bile
NOT AN ENZYME
Breaks large globules to smaller globules - means lipase enzyme can work faster
Temp effect
Higher temps = more kinetic energy and more successful collisions
