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Biology > Coordination And Response > Flashcards

Coordination And Response Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does the nervous system consist of?

A

Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves

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2
Q

Nerve cell is also called

A

Neurone

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3
Q

What is coordination ?

A

Making things happen at the right time by linking up different body activities

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4
Q

Which 2 systems do humans have ?

A

Nervous system

Hormone/endocrine system

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5
Q

What are the common features of both the motor neurone and the sensory neurone ?

A
  • Long fibre (Axon), to carry messages up and down the body

- branches (dendrons), Recife incoming impulses from other neurones

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6
Q

What do motor neurones do ?

A

They transmit a nerve impulse from the CNS to an effector organ, leading to a response

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7
Q

What is the small gap where two neurones meet called ?

A

Synapse

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8
Q

What happens over a synapse ?

A

1) electrical impulses arrive down axon of neurone
2) neurotransmitters released
3) neurotransmitters diffuse across the synapse and attach to membrane of other neurone
4) impulse starts in second neurone
5) neurotransmitters broken down by enzymes of other neurone

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9
Q

What is the flow chart of coordination ?

A

Stimulus - receptor - coordinator - effector - response

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10
Q

What is a receptor ?

A

Something that detects the change in environment

They start electrical signals along neurones

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11
Q

What is a stimulus ?

A

Change in animals surroundings/environment

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12
Q

What is a coordinator ?

A

What the body decides to do

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13
Q

What does an effector do?

A

Brings about a response (muscle or gland )

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14
Q

What is a response?

A

Reaction to change

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15
Q

What is the reflex arc?

A

The almost instant movement in response to a stimulus

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16
Q

What is the pathway of the reflex arc?

A 
Stimulus 
Receptor 
Sensory neurone 
Relay neurone 
Motor neurone 
Effector 
Response
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17
Q

Nervous system

A

Works by nerve impulses transmitted through nerve cells

Impulses travel fast

Short lived response

Localised effect

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18
Q

Endocrine system

A

Works by hormones transmitted through bloodstream

Travel slowly

Long lasting response

Widespread effect

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19
Q

Blood glucose regulation

A

1) increase blood glucose after eating
2) pancreas detects rise
3) releases insulin
4) insulin travels in blood
5) reaches muscles and liver
6) stimulates uptake of glucose from blood
7) decrease in blood glucose
8) returns to normal

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20
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

Stops insulin production
Wee a lot
Destroys cells in pancreas

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21
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A

Tissues become resistant to insulin

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22
Q

What does the pancreas produce

A

Glucagon - breaks down glycogen, increases blood glucose

23
Q

Pupil

A

Lets light through

24
Q

Lens

A

Focusses light, changes shape

25
Q

Iris

A

Controls the amount of light entering the eye, contracts or relaxes to dilate or construct pupils

26
Q

Conjunctiva

A

Protects eye

27
Q

Ciliary muscles

A

Contract or relax to pull dispensary ligaments

28
Q

Suspensory ligaments

A

Slack/right to change the shape

29
Q

Choroid

A

Contains many pigment cells and blood vessels

Blood supply - stops light reflecting

30
Q

Retina

A

Light sensitive layer

Light energy converged into electrical energy of nerve impulses

31
Q

What does the retina contain

A

Cones and rods - receptor cells

32
Q

What do cones do

A

They detect colour - red, green and blue

33
Q

What do rods do

A

Work at night

34
Q

What happens to your eye in bright light?

A

Circular muscles contract

Radical muscles relax

Pupil constricts

35
Q

What happens to your eye in dim light ?

A

Circular muscles relax
Radical muscles contract
Pupil dilates

36
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The process by which the body maintains a constant internal environment

37
Q

How does ur body keep warm

A

Shivering
No sweating
Vasoconstriction
Increased metabolism

38
Q

How does ur body keep cool

A 
No shivering 
Sweating 
Vasodilation 
Hairs lie flat 
Decreased metabolism
39
Q

Skin when cold

A

Less sweat on surface, less evaporation, less heat loss

Arteriolar constricts (vasoconstriction), less blood flows near the surface

40
Q

Skin when hot

A

More sweat on surface, water evaporates, takes heat from skin and blood

Arteriole dilates (vasodilation), more blood flows near skin surface

41
Q

What are tropisms ?

A

The growth of a plant in response to a stimulus

42
Q

Phototropism

A

Light

Shoots grow towards light source, roots don’t respond

43
Q

Geotropism

A

Gravity

Shoots grow away from direction of gravity, roots towards

44
Q

Opaque cap on tip

A

No bending

45
Q

Tip replaced on mica sheet

A

No bending

46
Q

Tip replaced on gelatine block

A

Normal bending

47
Q

What is the stimulus of growth

A

Passes through materials which absorb water soluble chemicals

48
Q

What is auxin

A

Plant hormone produced in stem tip, promotes cell elongation

Cells in stems grow more
Cells in roots grow less

49
Q

Adrenaline

A

Source - adrenal glands

Increases breathing rate, heart rat, flow of blood to muscles, conversion of glycogen

50
Q

Insulin

A

Source - pancreas

Controls blood glucose levels Increases conversion of glucose into glycogen for storage

51
Q

Testosterone

A

Regulates sex drive, bone mass, sex hormone

52
Q

Progesterone

A

Steroid hormone released by the corpus leteum, stimulates the uterus to prepare for pregnancy

53
Q

Oestrogen

A

Female sex hormone, development and regulation of female reproductive system

Biology (20 decks)

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