Blood

Question 1

What is blood made of?

Answer 1

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Plasma
Platelets

Question 2

Adaptations of red blood cells

Answer 2

Transport oxygen
No nucleus 
High SA:V - large diffusion distance 
Biconcave shape - allows efficient exchange of oxygen
Thin shape - short diffusion

Question 3

Adaptation of platelets

Answer 3

Release chemicals to make blood clot

Question 4

Adaptations of plasma

Answer 4

Liquid part of blood
Carries blood around the body: hormones, urea, CO2, dissolved nutrients
Distributes heat

Question 5

What do phagocytes do?

Answer 5

1) pseadopodia engulfs bacterium
2) bacteria enclosed in vacuole
3) digestive enzymes destroy bacteria

Question 6

What do lymphocytes do?

Answer 6

Make antibodies which stick to antigens (making pathogens clump together), allowing phagocytes to engulf them more easily

Question 7

What are pathogens?

Answer 7

Disease causing microorganisms

Question 8

What do vaccines do?

Answer 8

Vaccines allow dead or altered forms of the disease causing pathogen to be introduced into the body, containing a specific antigen

Causing the white blood to produce antibodies

Question 9

In through the kidneys?

Answer 9

Renal artery

Question 10

Out through the lungs

Answer 10

Pulmonary vein

Question 11

What does the artery do?

Answer 11

Carries blood from the heart to the organs

Question 12

Adaptation of the artery

Answer 12

Thick walls with muscle fibres and elastic tissue to allow them to stretch and recoil to maintain high pressure

Question 13

What does the vein do?

Answer 13

Carries blood from organs back to the heart

Question 14

Adaptation of vein

Answer 14

Thin wall with little muscle and elastic tissue

Question 15

How is your heart rate controlled

Answer 15

By the nervous system and hormones

Question 16

What happens when we exercise?

Answer 16

The medulla sends a nerve impulse to the heart to speed it up

Question 17

What happens when you are stressed?

Answer 17

The hormone adrenaline is secreted - increases heart rate

Question 18

Heart attack key info

Answer 18

If too much fat in blood - it doesn’t dissolve and sinks into the membrane

Increase in size reduces blood flow

Red blood cells clot - blood can’t get through

Pain in left arm

Question 19

Phagocytes

Answer 19

Sensitive cell surface membrane that detect chemicals produced by pathogens

They will engulf the pathogen and release digestive enzymes to digest the pathogen

Pathogen is removed from body

Question 20

Lymphocytes

Answer 20

When pathogen is detected lymphocyte will split into two cells

One cell will produce antibodies that will produce antibodies that will deactivate antigens of pathogens

Other cell will be a memory cell that stays in the immune response so if the same pathogen is detected, same antibodies can be produced quicker, easier and in larger amounts