Blood Flashcards
What is blood made of?
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Plasma
Platelets
Adaptations of red blood cells
Transport oxygen No nucleus High SA:V - large diffusion distance Biconcave shape - allows efficient exchange of oxygen Thin shape - short diffusion
Adaptation of platelets
Release chemicals to make blood clot
Adaptations of plasma
Liquid part of blood
Carries blood around the body: hormones, urea, CO2, dissolved nutrients
Distributes heat
What do phagocytes do?
1) pseadopodia engulfs bacterium
2) bacteria enclosed in vacuole
3) digestive enzymes destroy bacteria
What do lymphocytes do?
Make antibodies which stick to antigens (making pathogens clump together), allowing phagocytes to engulf them more easily
What are pathogens?
Disease causing microorganisms
What do vaccines do?
Vaccines allow dead or altered forms of the disease causing pathogen to be introduced into the body, containing a specific antigen
Causing the white blood to produce antibodies
In through the kidneys?
Renal artery
Out through the lungs
Pulmonary vein
What does the artery do?
Carries blood from the heart to the organs
Adaptation of the artery
Thick walls with muscle fibres and elastic tissue to allow them to stretch and recoil to maintain high pressure
What does the vein do?
Carries blood from organs back to the heart
Adaptation of vein
Thin wall with little muscle and elastic tissue
How is your heart rate controlled
By the nervous system and hormones
What happens when we exercise?
The medulla sends a nerve impulse to the heart to speed it up
What happens when you are stressed?
The hormone adrenaline is secreted - increases heart rate
Heart attack key info
If too much fat in blood - it doesn’t dissolve and sinks into the membrane
Increase in size reduces blood flow
Red blood cells clot - blood can’t get through
Pain in left arm
Phagocytes
Sensitive cell surface membrane that detect chemicals produced by pathogens
They will engulf the pathogen and release digestive enzymes to digest the pathogen
Pathogen is removed from body
Lymphocytes
When pathogen is detected lymphocyte will split into two cells
One cell will produce antibodies that will produce antibodies that will deactivate antigens of pathogens
Other cell will be a memory cell that stays in the immune response so if the same pathogen is detected, same antibodies can be produced quicker, easier and in larger amounts
