Respiration Flashcards
Respiration
Oxygen and glucose needed for aerobic respiration
GAs exchange, gas transfer
In lungs across cell membrane
Maintain conc grad, ventilation and circulation
Aerobic respiration equation
6O2 + C6H12O6 => 6CO2 +6H2O + energy
Amount of oxygen determined by
No of cells in organism
Metabolic rate and activity
Volume
Amount of oxygen entering organism determined by
SA
Efficiency dependant on
SA:V
Ficks law
Rate of diffusion directly proportional to SA x conc grad/ distance
Alveoli
Adaptations for respiration’s
LSA, increase diffusion area
Constant ventilation, circulation, maintain conc grad
Thin alveoli, cap walls, short distance
Slow blood flow in cap, increase time for diff
Steps for inspiration
Diaphragm goes flow curved to flat Intercostal contract Rib cage, up and out Pressure lowered, more volume in thorax Pressure falls below atmospheric pressure Air in lungs
Steps for expiration
Diaphragm, flat to curved Intercostal relax Rib cage down and in Pressure rises, less volume in thorax Pressure rises above atmospheric pressure Air out
Ventilation during excercise
Muscles contact more strongly
Spirometer
Measures volume of air breathed in and out
Tidal volume
Amount of air breathed in and out when breathing normally
Vital capacity
Total amount of air which is inhaled and exhaled
Inspiration capacity
Total amount of air that can be breathed in
Expiratory reserve volume
Total volume of air remaining in lungs after breathing out normally
Residual volume
Volume remaining in lungs after breathing out as much as possible
KEeps lungs from collapsing
Pulmonary circulation
Total volume of air moved into lungs in dim-3 min-1
Both increase during excessive
Rate falls slowly to pay oxygen debt, break down lactic acid
Pulmonary circulation equation
Pul vent= tidal volume x ventilation rate
Gas exchange and size of locusts
Size of body restricted by respiratory system
If bigger, chitin lining of tracheoles collapse
Tracheal breathing
Spiracles guarded by muscle controlled valves, hair filter dust
All cells v close to tracheole end
Stiffened with chitin cuticle
O2 diffuses in
Water loss prevented by closing spiracles
Locust respiration when under stress
Forcibly ventilate tracheae
Abdominal muscle compresses internal organs, force air out of tracheae
1 way flow of air in grasshopper, increase gas exchange
Locust respiration when exercising
Cells make lactic acid, lower WP
Fluid drawn into cell from tracheole
Air in contact with cell, increase rate of diffusion
Gas exchange in aquatic insects
Tracheal system
Mosquito larvae poke breathing tube connected to tracheal system through water surface
Carry air bubble
Spiracles on spines, pierce leavers of underwater plants for O2
Gills
Xerophyte adaptations to prevent excess water loss
Sunken stomata pits Fewer stomata Hairs Thick waxy cuticle Stomata inside of rolled leaf Thick cuticle Small leaf SA Extensive roots
All have local humidity, decrease air current exposure
Gas exchange in bony fish
In gills
Many filaments, many lamellae, LSA
Water through moth, over gills, leaves through operculum
Ventilation, drawing of water over gills, maint conc grad, absorb 80% of o2
Exchange surface v thin
