Prokaryotic Cells and Viruses Flashcards
Structures of prokaryotes
Pilli Ribosomes Cell wall Cell membrane Nucleotide DNA Capsule Flagellum Mesosome Plasmid
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
Nucleus
P, Nucleus in nucleoid
E, Double membrane nucleus
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
DNA and proteins
P, DNA not associated with proteins
E, DNA associated with his tones, allow DNA condensation, form chromatin
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
DNA storage
P, Circular genetic material
E, In many chromosomes
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
Plasmids
P, yes
E, no
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
Membrane bound organelles
P, no, mesosome gives LSA for enzymes involved in respiration
E, yes
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
Chloroplasts
P, no chloroplasts, bacterial chlorophyll in cell surface membrane
E, chloroplasts and mitochondria
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
Ribosomes
P, 70s
E, 80s
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
Cell wall
P, Murein cell wall, glycoproteins
E, if present, cellulose, chitin
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
Capsule
P, can have outer mucilaginous capsule
E, no
Cell wall
Murein meshwork, give support
Capsule
Slime, protein, stops cell drying out
Sticks cells together, protect cell against digestive enzymes
Cell surface membrane
Main boundary between inside of cell and environment
Circular DNA
Genetic material
Plasmid
Separate tiny DNA circles, carry only a few genes which occur throughout cytoplasm
Ribosome
70s, site of protein synthesis, not attached to any membranes
Mesosome
In folding of cell membrane, provides LSA for attachment of enzymes involved in respiration
Bacteria
0.1-10um
Murein cell wall, polymer of poly sac, peptide
Protection of mucilaginous slime capsule around wall
Food stored as glycogen granules, oil droplets
Circular DNA
Smaller plasmids present, may carry advantageous genes
Viruses
Acellular, non living 20-300nm Nucleic acids, DNA RNA Multiply inside host cells Nucleic acid inside capsid, protein coat Lipid envelope, capsid have attachment proteins, essential to allow virus to identify, attach to host cell
