Classification Flashcards
5 Kingdoms
Animals Plants Fungi Protoctists Prokaryotes
Classification
Organising living and extinct organisms into groups
Importance of classification
Species identification, easier with organised groups
Predictive values, predict that another species will probably have characteristics if several group members have it
Evolutionary links, species in group probably share characteristics, evolved from common ancestor, predict evolution
Artificial classification
Grouping of organisms based on analogous features
Not used in biological classification
Natural classification
Grouping organisms based on phylogeny between organisms, ancestors
Use genetics, biochemicals, homologous morphological features
Hierarchical system
Natural classification puts living organisms into 1 of 5 groups, then into progressively smaller groups with no overlap
Domains
Archaea
Eubacteria
Eukaryotes
Species
Group of organisms, similar to each other, can interbreed to produce living, fertile offspring
Binomial method of naming organisms
Genus, caps
Species, no caps
Both underlined
Phylogeny
Classification based on evolutionary relationships between organisms
Shows divergence of animals from a common ancestor
Compare large ranges of organisms see relationships
Natural system of organisation
DNA and RNA
Read base sequences, find similarities
If similar, related by common ancestor
mRNA easier to isolate, no introns
Mutations can change base sequences
Mutations confer diff advantageous characteristics
Overtime, some alleles increase, decrease
Eventually 2 groups cannot produce fertile offspring
Amino acids
Order of bases dictates primary sequence
Only shows genetic makeup of 1 protein
Courtship behaviour
Recognise members of their own species
Identify mate, capable of breeding
Form pair bond
Synchronise mating
Receptiveness
Longer length of time, more likely to be successful
Either responds incorrectly, sequence ends
Diversity index
Describes relationship between no of species and no of individuals in a community
