Respiration Flashcards
What is the order of the respiratory system?
Nasal cavity
Oral cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Diaphragm
What happens in inspiration?
Intercostal muscles contract
Diaphragm muscle contract
Chest cavity increases
Pressure decreases
Rest
Active process
Intercostal sand diaphragm contract
Exercise
Active process
Sternocleidomastoid pectorals intercostals and diaphragm
What happens at expiration?
Intercostal muscles relax
Diaphragm relax
Chest cavity decreases
Pressure increases
Rest
Passive process
Intercostals and diaphragm relax
Exercise
Active process
Abdominals and internal intercostals relax
What are the features of the alveoli?
Large surface area for more oxygen and carbon dioxide in
Thin wall for easier and faster diffusion
1 cell thick for faster diffusion
What does the cilia do?
Stop dirt from getting into your throat
What are the trachea?
Let air flow through easily with cartilage rings
What is the pleura?
Lubricate to allow it to slide effortlessly
What are the lungs?
Allow respiration
What are the bronchi?
Branches from trachea
What are the bronchioles?
Allow air into alveoli
What are the ribs?
Protect lungs
What is the diaphragm?
Contacts to allow respiration
What is haemoglobin
Red pigment makes blood red
Transport oxygen to working muscles
What is oxygaemoglobin?
Oxygen combined with haemoglobin
What is deoxyhaemoglobin?
Carbon dioxide combined with haemoglobin
What are the blood vessels?
Artery No valves Oxygenated blood High pressure Carries blood away from heart Thick walls
Vein Valves prevent backflow Deoxygenated blood Low pressure Carries blood to heart Thin walls
Capillaries No valves Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood Enters under high pressure Oxygenated to heart Deoxygenated to veins Thin walls
What is vasoconstriction and vasodilation?
Vasoconstriction
Makes diameter smaller and reduces blood flow
Vasodilation
Increases diameter to allow more blood flow
What is the tidal volume?
Amount of air breathed in and out in a normal breath
What is residual volume?
Volume of air always left in lungs so they don’t collapse
What is inspiration reserve volume ?
Amount of air you can forcefully inspire after normal inspiration
What is expiratory reserve volume?
Amount of air you can forcefully inspire after normal expiration
What happens to tidal volume, inspiratory and expiratory volume and residual volume during exercise?
Tidal volume steeper and more frequent
Inspiratory and expiratory volume decreases
Residual volume stays the same
