Respiration

Question 1

What is metabolism?

Answer 1

Nutritional processes of the cell

Question 2

What is anabolism?

Answer 2

Chemically constructive process, meaning it takes small molecules and forms a large molecule
Energy is stored in the large molecule
Ex: dehydration synthesis

Question 3

What is catabolism?

Answer 3

Chemically destructive process, meaning it breaks down large molecules into small molecules
Energy is released
Ex: hydrolysis

Question 4

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 4

Plants make glucose
Chemically constructive: anabolism
Glucose is made in a series of chemical reactions. Light energy is converted into chemical energy and is stored in glucose

Question 5

What is the chemical equation of photosynthesis?

Answer 5

Light+12H2O+6CO2–>C6H12O6+6O2+6H2O

Question 6

What is respiration?

Answer 6

Breakdown of glucose for energy
Chemically destructive: catabolism
Glucose is broken down through a series of steps so that energy can be released.

Question 7

What is the chemical equation of respiration?

Answer 7

C6H12O6+6O2–>6CO2+6H2O+38 ATP’s

Question 8

What are the two problems that could arise in cells during energy storage?

Answer 8

During photosynthesis, light is entering the cells faster than they can convert it to glucose.
During respiration, energy is being released faster than we can use it.

Question 9

What is ATP?

Answer 9

Adenosine Triphosphate

Traps, stores, and releases energy

Question 10

In ATP, what kind of bonds hold A and P together? P and P?

Answer 10

Straight bonds

High energy bonds

Question 11

What is ADP and where is it found?

Answer 11

Adenosine Diphosphate

Found in Mitochondrion

Question 12

How is energy stored in ATP?

Answer 12

A-P~P+P (little bit of energy)–>A-P~P~P

*Phosphate comes from food for animals and soil for plants *anabolism

Question 13

How is energy released from ATP?

Answer 13

A-P~P~P(enzyme)–>A-P~P+P+energy

*catabolism

Question 14

What are the two types of respiration?

Answer 14

Aerobic-requires oxygen, takes place inside Mitochondrion

Anaerobic-does NOT require oxygen, takes place outside Mitochondrion (glycolysis)

Question 15

Explain the process of anaerobic respiration (glycolysis).

Answer 15

1.) Glucose is a stable, non-reactive molecule
-add 2 phosphates to glucose (-2 ATP’s)
2.) Left with glucose 6 phosphate
-will split into 2 molecules PGAL (phosphoglyceraldehyde)
3.) Each PGAL loses 2 H’s (NAD-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide-H acceptor)
Each PGAL gains 1 P–>food
4.) Each PGAL loses 2 P (4 total)+ADP’s=4 ATP’s
*Net ATP’s=2
*Left with 2 molecules C3H4O3 (Pyruvic acid)

Question 16

Describe fermentation.

Answer 16

Both start with glucose–>Pyruvic acid–>final products
1.) alcoholic fermentation-yeast
C6H12O6–>2C2H5OH(ethyl alcohol)+2CO2+2 ATP’s
2.) lactic acid-muscles
C6H12O6–>2C3H6O3(lactic acid)+2 ATP’s