Nervous System I

Question 1

What is neurology?

Answer 1

Branch of science that deals with the normal functioning and disorders of the nervous system

Question 2

What is perception?

Answer 2

Awareness of your environment

Question 3

What are receptors?

Answer 3

Specialized cells on and in the body that receive stimuli

Question 4

What is the basis of the nervous system?

Answer 4

1. ) Reception-ability to receive stimuli
2. ) Interpretation
3. ) Response

Question 5

What does the Central Nervous System (CNS) consist of?

Answer 5

Brain and spinal cord

Question 6

What does the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) consist of?

Answer 6

All nerves stemming from the CNS

Question 7

What are afferent nerves?

Answer 7

Sensory

Conduct impulses toward CNS

Question 8

What are efferent nerves?

Answer 8

Motor

Conduct impulses away from CNS

Question 9

What are mixed nerves?

Answer 9

Both efferent and afferent

Question 10

What are spinal nerves?

Answer 10

Large nerves that stem from spinal cord (31 pair)

Question 11

What are cranial nerves?

Answer 11

Large nerves that stem from the brain

12 pair

Question 12

What does the free-nerve ending receive?

Answer 12

Pain

Question 13

What does Meissner’s Corpuscle receive?

Answer 13

Touch (tactile)

Question 14

What does the Pacinian Corpuscle receive?

Answer 14

Pressure

Question 15

What does Krause’s end bulb receive?

Answer 15

Cold

Question 16

What does Ruffini’s end organ receive?

Answer 16

Heat

Question 17

What are exteroceptors?

Answer 17

Receptors found at or near the surface of the body-cutaneous receptors, taste, hearing, sight, smell

Question 18

What are teloreceptors?

Answer 18

Receptors that can be stimulated from a distance

Do not rely on contact (cold, heat, sight, smell, hearing)

Question 19

What are proprioceptors?

Answer 19

Receptors found in muscles, bones, joints, tendons, and ligaments

Question 20

What are interoceptors?

Answer 20

Receptors found in internal organs (hunger, thirst, stomach ache)

Question 21

How can someone differ between slight pain and severe pain?

Answer 21

1. Type of receptor stimulated
2. # of receptors stimulated
3. Frequency of the repetitive discharge to the brain

Question 22

What are effectors?

Answer 22

Muscles or glands put into action as a result of a stimulus

Question 23

What is a neuron?

Answer 23

Nerve cell
Anatomical and functional unit of the nervous system
Carries impulses from one part of the body to another

Question 24

Describe the cell body of a neuron.

Answer 24

Nucleus
Neuroplasm
Nissl Bodies (thought to function in metabolism)

Question 25

Describe the cell processes.

Answer 25

Structure or extremity stemming from cell body

1. Dendrites-highly branched, afferent
2. Axon-less branched, efferent

Question 26

What are the two membranes of the axon?

Answer 26

Inner-myelin sheath

Outer-neurolemma

Question 27

Describe white matter.

Answer 27

Has a myelin sheath and neurolemma

Question 28

Describe gray matter.

Answer 28

No myelin sheath or neurolemma

Question 29

What is reaction time?

Answer 29

Lapse of time between receiving an impulse and an effector being put into action

Question 30

What is a unipolar neuron?

Answer 30

1 cell body and 1 cell process (not in humans)

Question 31

What is a bipolar neuron?

Answer 31

1 cell body and 2 cell processes (eyes, ears, nose)

Question 32

What is a multipolar neuron?

Answer 32

1 cell body and many cell processes (most common-brain)

Question 33

What is polarization?

Answer 33

Ratio of positive and negative ions

Question 34

What is a galvanometer?

Answer 34

Reads changes in polarity

Question 35

What is an oscilloscope?

Answer 35

Where changes in polarity are visualized

Question 36

What is the all or none response?

Answer 36

When a stimulus is applied, the impulse travels the entire length of a neuron or not at all.

Question 37

What is a threshold stimulus?

Answer 37

Any single stimulus strong enough to carry an impulse the entire length of a neuron

Question 38

What is a sub-threshold stimulus?

Answer 38

Weaker than a threshold stimulus

Question 39

What is summation?

Answer 39

Adding together of sub-thresholds to reach a threshold stimulus.

Question 40

What is a synapse?

Answer 40

A junction of the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of the next neuron.
A-ch is released.

Question 41

What is the Node of Ranvier?

Answer 41

Indentation on the axon, no purpose