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Biology > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

Respiration is a exothermic/endothermic reaction

A

exothermic
Transfers energy to the environment (usually in the form of heat)

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2
Q

Respiration -

A

chemical reaction in which living cells use glucose (food) to release energy in the form ofATP

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3
Q

Word equation for aerobic respiration

A

Glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

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4
Q

What do organisms need energy for:

A
  • chemical (anabolic )reactions to build larger molecules from smaller ones
  • animals: enable muscles to contract i.e. for movement
  • mammals + birds: maintain steady body temperature
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5
Q

What is glucose stored as?

A

glycogen- glucose bonded in chains

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6
Q

When does anaerobic respiration occur in muscles?

A

When there is insufficient oxygen available to meet the oxygen demand

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7
Q

Anaerobic respiration is the ……….

A

Incomplete oxidation of glucose
(As a result less energy transferred to the environment as glucose not fully oxidised)

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8
Q

Word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles cells:

A

Glucose —> Lactic Acid

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9
Q

Name 4 key differences between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration:

A
  • less energy released by anaerobic respiration
  • no oxygen used in anaerobic respiration
  • lactic acid formed as a waste product in anaerobic respiration
  • no carbon dioxide produced in anaerobic respiration
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10
Q

What is muscle fatigue

A
  • Occurs when lactic acid builds up in muscles due to oxygen debt (when there is a high level of anaerobic respiration e.g. after vigorous exercise)
  • causes muscles to stop contracting efficiently
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11
Q

What happens to the lactic acid after it is produced?

A
  • lactic acid diffuses out of muscles into plasma
  • plasma carries lactic acid to liver
  • in liver 1/5 of lactic acid converted back to glucose and 4/5 converted to glycogen
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12
Q

Where does aerobic respiration mostly occur

A

Mitochondria

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13
Q

Name 3 effects that exercise has on out body:

A
  1. Increased heart rate
  2. Increase breathing rate + depth (volume of each breath increases)
  3. Vasodilation (get wider) of the arterioles supplying the skeletal muscles and surface of skin occurs
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14
Q

What are the reason heart rate increases during exercise?

A
  • more blood to muscles
  • more oxygen to muscles
  • more glucose to muscles
  • more aerobic respiration
  • more energy released
  • more carbon dioxide removed from muscles into lungs for exhalation
  • more lactic acid removed from muscles
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15
Q

What are the reasons breathing rate and depth increases during exercise?

A
  • more oxygen in
  • muscles respire more
  • muscles need more energy but produce more CO2
  • remove more CO2 from muscles to lungs for exhalation
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16
Q

What are the reasons for Vasodilation of the arterioles(smaller arteries) during exercise?

A
  • remove more heat from skeletal muscles
  • carry to skin’s surface for removal by radiation
  • prevent enzymes and other proteins in muscle denaturing
17
Q

All of the changes in your body during exercise occur to:

A
  • supply more oxygen to the skeletal muscles
  • supply more glucose to the skeletal muscles
  • remove more carbon dioxide from the skeletal muscles and carry it to the lungs for exhalation
  • remove more lactic acid from the skeletal muscles and carry it to the liver where it is broken down to glucose for respiration or converted to glycogen for storage
  • remove more heat from the skeletal muscles and carry it to the surface of the body for removal by radiation to prevent enzymes other proteins in the muscles denaturing
18
Q

What stored inside muscle cells are used during exercise and what do they use to for

A
  • Glycogen stored in their cells
  • break it down to produce glucose which is respired to release energy
19
Q

What is the chemical reaction word equation in yeast:

A

Glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide

20
Q

What is fermentation

A

The process of anaerobic respiration in yeast cells

21
Q

Fermentation can be used in manufacturing to produce what products?

A

Bread
Alcoholic drinks

22
Q

How has bread make

A
  • bubbles of carbon dioxide get trapped in the dough and cause dough to rise
  • ethanol produced as a wast produce evaporates when break is baked in oven
23
Q

How is alcoholic drink made

A
  • the ethanol makes wine and beer alcoholic
24
Q

When do plant respire anaerobically?

A
  • when they have insufficient oxygen e.g when their roots are in water-logged soil
  • can lead to root cell death which can lead to plant death

Biology (25 decks)

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