Metabolism

Question 1

Definition of metabolism:

Answer 1

The total sum of all the chemical reactions that occurring in a cell or the body

Question 2

What are the two reaction groups of metabolism?

Answer 2

• Anabolism
• Catabolism

Question 3

What are anabolic reactions?

Answer 3

Reactions which smaller molecules are built up into larger molecules

Question 4

What are catabolic reactions?

Answer 4

Reactions which breakdown larger molecules into smaller molecules

Question 5

Why do men tend to have higher metabolic rates than women?

Answer 5

• men tend to have a higher proportion of muscle to fat
• muscle tissue has a higher metabolic rate than adipose (fat) tissue

Question 6

What is the metabolic rate controlled by and where is it produced?

Answer 6

• controlled by a hormone called thyroxine
• produced in the thyroid gland

Question 7

Give 3 examples of anabolic reactions

Answer 7

• glucose + nitrate ions —> amino acids
• many glucose molecules joined together —> cellulose or starch (in plants) or glycogen (in muscle and liver cells)
• 3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol —> 1 lipid

Question 8

Give 4 examples of catholic reactions

Answer 8

• proteins —> amino acids
• amino acids —> urea (in liver)
• starch/cellulose/glycogen —> glucose
• 1 lipid —> 3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol

Question 9

Is energy input required from respiration for a catabolic reaction?

Answer 9

Not usually

Question 10

Is energy input required from respiration for a anabolic reaction?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

Is energy released from anabolic reactions?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

Is energy released from catabolic reactions?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

Describe the molecules produces from a anabolic reaction?

Answer 13

Larger more complex molecules

Question 14

Describe the molecules produced from a catabolic reaction?

Answer 14

Smaller, simpler molecules