Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P Lecture 112 > Respiration 112 Final Wilson > Flashcards

Respiration 112 Final Wilson Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary ventilation

A

Movement of air into and out of lungs so that gases are continuously changed and refreshed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

external respiration,

A

Movement of O2 from the lungs to the blood and of CO2 from the blood to lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

transport of respiratory gases,

A

Transport of O2 from lungs to the tissues and of CO2 from tissue to lungs via blood in circulatory system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

internal respiration,

A

Movement of O2 from blood to tissues and CO2 from tissues to blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ventilation-perfusion coupling,

A

In the lungs vasoconstriction in response to hypoxia diverts pulmonary blood from poorly ventilated areas to well ventilated areas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

alveoli,

A

Thin walled air sacs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

alveolar sac,

A

terminal clusters of alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

surfactant,

A

A detergent like compound to reduce surface tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pleura,

A

thin, double-layered serosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cardiac notch,

A

a concavity in the left lungs medial aspect (makes room for the heart)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

compliance,

A

ease with which lungs and chest wall expand (elasticity of lungs and surface tension)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

surface tension,

A

unequal tension between liquid molecules and gas molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

tidal volume,

A

measures amount of air moved during quiet breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

residual volume,

A

Permanently trapped air in the lungs (1200 mL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

expiratory/inspiratory reserve volumes,

A
  • Inspiratory reserve volume: measures amount of air that can be inspired forcibly beyond the tidal volume (3100 mL)
  • Expiratory reserve volume: amount of air that can be expired forcibly after a normal TV expiration (1200 mL)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

vital capacity,

A

sums of inspiratory, tidal and expiratory volumes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

total lung capacity,

A

sums of ALL volumes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Dalton’s law,

A
  • Air is composed of 21% O2, 79% N2, and .04% CO2
  • Each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own pressure=partial pressure (p)
  • Total pressure is sum of all partial pressures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

acclimatization

A

adjusting to environment over long exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

nasal polyps,

A

Outgrowths of the mucous membranes which are usually found around the openings of the paranasal sinuses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

pleurisy,

A

inflammation of pleura

22
Q

apnea,

A

temporary suspension or absence of breathing

23
Q

dyspnea,

A

difficult or labored breathing

24
Q

hypercapnea,

A

excessive CO2 in the blood

25
Q

pneumothorax,

A

presence of air in the pleural cavity

26
Q

asthma,

A

spasms of smooth muscle in bronchial tubes that result in partial or complete closure of air passageways

27
Q

hypoxia,

A

oxygen deficiency at the tissue level

28
Q

emphysema,

A

distinguished by permanent enlargement of the alveoli, accompanied by destruction of the alveolar walls

29
Q

tuberculosis,

A

inflammation of pleurae and lungs produced by an orangism

30
Q

`pneumonia

A

acute inflammation of the alveoli

31
Q

What are the parts of the respiratory system?

A
  • Nose/paranasal sinuses
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Lungs & pleurae
32
Q

What is the main anatomical features/functional role of the Nose?

A

Features:
• Divisions: 1) External nose and 2) nasal cavity
• Skin, nasal bones, & cartilage lined with mucous membrane
• Openings called external nares or nostrils
Fuctions
• Airway
• Warms, moistens, and filters incoming air
• Receives olfactory stimuli
• Serves as large, hollow resonating chambers to modify speech sounds

33
Q

What is the main anatomical features/functional role of the Paranasal sinuses?

A

Features:
• Mucosa-lined, air-filled cavities in cranial bones surrounding nasal cavity
Function:
• Lightens skull
• Airway
• Warms, moistens, and filters incoming air
• Serves as large, hollow resonating chambers to modify speech sounds

34
Q

What is the main anatomical features/functional role of the Pharynx?

A

Features:
• Passageway connecting nasal cavity to larynx and oral cavity to esophagus
• 3 subdivisions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
• Houses tonsils
Function:
• Passageway for air and food

35
Q

What is the main anatomical features/functional role of the Larynx?

A

Features:
• Connects pharynx to trachea
• Has framework of cartilage and dense connective tissue
• Opening can be closed by epiglottis or vocal folds
• Houses vocal folds
Function:
• Air passageway
• Prevents food from entering lower respiratory tract

36
Q

What is the main anatomical features/functional role of the trachea?

A

Features:
• Flexible tube running form larynx and dividing inferiorly into to main bronchi
• Walls contain C-shaped cartilages
Function:
• Air passageway
• Cleans, warms, and moistens incoming air

37
Q

What is the main anatomical features/functional role of the bronchial tree?

A

Feature:
• Consists of right & left main bronchi, which subdivide within the lungs to form lobar and segmental bronchi and bronchioles
• Bronchiolar walls lack cartilage but contain complete layer of smooth muscles
• Constriction of this muscle impedes espiration
Function:
• Air passageways connecting trachea with alveoli
• Cleans, warms and moistens incoming air

38
Q

What is the main anatomical features/functional role of the alveoli?

A

Features:
• Microscopic chambers at termini of bronchial tree
• Walls of simple squamous epithelium overlie thin basement membrane
• External surfaces are intimately associated with pulmonary capillaries
• Special alveolar cells produce surfactant (type II)
Function:
• Main sites of gas exchange
• Surfactant reduces surface tension; helps prevent lung collapse

39
Q

What is the main anatomical features/functional role of the lungs?

A

Features:
• Paired composite organs that flank mediastinum in thorax
• Composed primarily of alveoli and respiratory passageways
• Stroma is fibrous elastic connective tissue, allowing lungs to recoil passively during expiration
Function:
• House respiratory passages smaller than the main bronchi

40
Q

What is the main anatomical features/functional role of the Plurae?

A

Features:
• Serous membranes
• Parietal pleura lines thoracic cavity
• Visceral pleura covers external lung surfaces
Function:
• Produce lubricating fluid and compartmentalize lungs

41
Q

role of epiglottis,

A

bends to cover glottis during swallowing

42
Q

which vocal cords involved in speech production?

A

Inferior pair; (true vocal cords, glottis)

43
Q

roles of different cell types in alveoli,

A
  • Type I alveolar cells: where gas exchange occurs
  • Type II alveolar cell: secretes surfactant
  • Alveolar dust cells: remove debris
44
Q

which lung is larger?

A

Right lung due to the cardiac notch

45
Q

Mechanism of pulmonary ventilation (inspiration/expiration; how air moves, what muscles are involved?),

A

• Inspiration: chest expands increasing volume
• Expiration: Chest compresses decreasing volume
• Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles involved
Air moves due to Boyle’s Law (more volume, less pressure; less volume, more pressure)

46
Q

three factors that influence ventilation,

A
  • Airway resistance
  • Alveolar surface tension
  • Lung compliance
47
Q

respiratory volumes

A
  • Tidal volume:
  • Inspiratory reserve volume:
  • Expiratory reserve volume:
  • Residual volume:
48
Q

Three steps in gas exchange,

A
  • Ventilation:
  • External (pulmonary) respiration: in lungs
  • Internal (tissue) respiraton: in tissues
49
Q

role of hemoglobin in carrying respiratory gases,

A
  • O2 binds to Heme

* CO2 binds to globin

50
Q

role of bicarbonate in carrying CO2,

A

carries 70% of CO2; CO2 + H2O combine to form carbonic acid that dissociates into H+ and bicarbonate ion

51
Q

role of ventral & dorsal respiratory groups/ pontine center in breathing control,

A
  • Dorsal respiratory group: sensory inputs from periphery
  • Ventral respiratory group: motor rhythm generation (exciting breathing muscles)
  • Pontine Center: smooth respiratory movement; modifiers for breathing (indirect; fine tunes)
52
Q

effects of high altitude

A
  • short term effects: acute mountain sickness (nausea, headaches, shortness of breath, dizziness)
  • Long term effects: will lead to acclimatization and EPO production (increased RBC’s)

A&P Lecture 112 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions