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year 1 > resp physiology quick > Flashcards

resp physiology quick Flashcards

1
Q

“amount of gas that moves across a sheet of tissue in unit time is proportional to the area of the sheet and inversely proportional to its thickness”

A

Fick’s law of diffusion

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2
Q

“increased release of O2 from Hb at tissues - sigmoid curve moves to the right”

A

Bohr effect

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3
Q

“total pressure exerted by a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of each individual component in the gas mixture”

A

Dalton’s Law

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4
Q

“at constant temperature as volume of gas increases the pressure exerted decreases”

A

Boyle’s Law

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5
Q

“the amount of gas that will dissolve in a given value is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas at equilibrium within the liquid”

A

Henry’s Law

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6
Q

What is the law of La Place

A

P= 2T/r
the inward directed collapsing pressure is proportional to 2 times the surface tension and inversely proportional to the radius of the alveoli

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7
Q

Removing O2 from Hb increases Hb’s affinity for CO2 and CO2 generated H+

A

Haldane effect

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8
Q

what do the external intercostal muscles do in inspiration

A

lift ribs
push out sternum
increase AP dimension of thoracic cavity

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9
Q

what are the accessory respiratory muscles used in forceful inspiration

A

scalenus

sternocleidomastoid

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10
Q

what are the muscles of active expiration

A

internal intercostal muscles

abdominal muscles

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11
Q

volume of air entering/leaving the lungs in a single breath

500ml

A

tidal volume

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12
Q

volume of air that can be maximally inspired beyond the tidal volume
3000ml

A

inspiratory reserve volume

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13
Q

what is the inspiratory capacity

3500ml

A

TV + IRV

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14
Q

volume of air that can be maximally expired beyond the tidal volume
1000ml

A

expiratory reserve volume

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15
Q

volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximal expiration
1200ml

A

residual volume

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16
Q

volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration
2200ml

A

functional residual capacity

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17
Q

volume of air that can be maximally expired following maximal inspiration
4500ml

A

vital capacity

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18
Q

what is the equation for total lung capacity

A

VC + RV

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19
Q

what is the equation for vital capacity

A

TV + ERV + IRV

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20
Q

volume of air that can be forcefully maximally expired following maximum inspiration

A

forced vital capacity

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21
Q

what is FEV1

A

the volume of air that can be expired during the 1st second in an FVC

22
Q

what is peak flow

what does a decrease show

A

maximum speed at which a patient can move air out of lungs

obstructive disease

23
Q

what does decreased pulmonary compliance show

A

restrictive lung disease

24
Q

volume of air exchanged between the atmosphere and alveoli per minute

A

alveolar ventilation

25
Q

volume of air breathed in and out per minute

A

pulmonary ventilation

26
Q

part of airways not available for gas exchange

A

anatomical dead space

27
Q

ventilated alveoli that aren’t adequately perfused

A

alveolar dead space

28
Q

physiological dead space

A

anatomical dead space + alveolar dead space

29
Q

what is the main influence for the rate of transfer of O2

A

partial pressure

30
Q

what is the main influence for the rate of transfer of CO2

A

diffusion coefficient

31
Q

what type of alveolar cell does gas exchange occur accross

A

type I alveolar cells

32
Q

what is the enzyme in RBCs that catalyses the formation of bicarbonate for transport of CO2 in blood

A

carbonic anhydrase

33
Q

what is the name of the complex that generated normal breathing rhythm and where is it

A

pre-botzinger complex in medulla

34
Q

where can the breathing rhythm be modified

A

pons

35
Q

what causes inspiration

A

firing of dorsal neurones in medulla

36
Q

what causes passive expiration (ceased inspiration)

A

ceased firing of dorsal neurones

37
Q

what causes active expiration

A

firing of ventral neurones - cause excitation of secondary respiratory muscles

38
Q

when ventral neurones fire what happens to the pneumotaxic centre in the pons

A

inhibits inspiration

39
Q

what kind of breathing occurs without the pneumotaxic centre

A

apneusis

40
Q

what does the apneustic centre in the pons do to inspiration

A

prolongs it

41
Q

stretch receptors detect when the lung is sufficiently inflated and send afferent trigger to inhibit inspiration

A

hering-brueur reflex

42
Q

is the HB reflex active during normal respiration

A

no

43
Q

increased moving to limbs leads to increased breathing

A

joint receptor reflex

44
Q

what do central chemoreceptors detect and where are they found

A

[H+] of CSF

near medulla

45
Q

what receptors are responsible for CO2 drive of respiration

A

central

46
Q

what do the peripheral chemoreceptors detect and where are they found

A

tension of O2 CO2 and [H+]

carotid and aortic bodies

47
Q

what receptors are responsible for H+ drive of respiration

A

peripheral

48
Q

what receptors adjust for metabolic acidosis

A

peripheral

49
Q

what receptors mediate the hypoxic drive of respiration and when are they stimulated

A

peripheral

PaO2 < 8

50
Q

give 4 things that occur in adaptations to high altitude

A

increased no. of capillaries and mitochondria
polycythaemia
increased 2,3-biphosphoglycerate
kidneys conserve acid

51
Q

what does 2,3-biphosphoglycerate do

A

liberates O2 from haemoglobin

year 1 (45 decks)

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