Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

year 1 > resp drugs > Flashcards

resp drugs Flashcards

1
Q

how do B2-adrenoreceptor agonists work

A

stimulate sympathetic system:
agonist binding to B2-Gs stimulates adenylyl cyclase —> ATP to cAMP —> PKA —> phosphorylates and stimulates myosin phosphatase, phosphorylates and inhibits MLCK —> relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is LABA always co-prescribed with and why

A

glucocorticoid - as a mono therapy LABA would desensitise receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a LABA particularly good in

A

nocturnal asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are some side effects of BAs

A

fine tremor
hypotension
tachycardia
hypokalaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how do xanthines work

A

inhibit phosphodiesterase which increases cAMP (breakdown of cAMP is inhibited) —> PKA + so on

also activate HDAC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

true/false

xanthines increase diaphragmatic contractility and reduce fatigue - improve lung ventilation

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what drug is used as prophylaxis of allergic asthma/rhinitis particularly in children

A

sodium chromoglicate (inhaled)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the mechanism of action of cromlins

A

mast cell stabiliser - suppresses histamine release from mast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are some side effects of xanthines

A 
numerous drug interactions
narrow therapeutic index
seizures
dysrhythmia
nausea 
vomiting 
hypotension
abdo discomfort
headache
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how do cysteinyl leukotriene receptors work

A

act competitively at CysLT1 receptors

prevents binding of CysLTs (C4, D4, E4) released from mast cells which cause SM contraction, mucus secretion and oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

when are CysLTs Antagonists used

A

antigen or exercise induced asthma
asthma step 4 - reliever
rhinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are some side effects of CysLTs

A

abdominal pain

headaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are some side effects of corticosteroids

A 
oropharyngeal candidiasis
dysphonia
growth restrictions
glaucoma
diabetes
cushings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how do glucocorticoids enter the nucleus and what do they do

A

nuclear receptor GR-alpha
bind to promotor region and either promote or repress transcription of a gene
decreases formation of IL4, 5, 7, 13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the mechanism of action of omalzimuab (IV)

A

binds IgE via Fc to prevent attachment to FC receptors on mast cells - prevents activation
and reduced expression of Fc receptors on inflammatory cells
monoclonal Ab against IgE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is a side effect of a cromlin

A

local irritation

17
Q

what is a side effect of omalzimuab

A

abdominal pain

pyrexia

18
Q

when is omalzimuab used

A

allergic asthma

19
Q

what are cetirizine, loratadine and fexofenadine

A

antihistamines - competitive H1 receptor antagonists - reduce effect of mast cell activation

20
Q

what are H1RAs used to treat

A

allergic rhinitis

21
Q

what are some side effects of H1RAs

A

drowsiness
palpitations
hypotension

22
Q

what is oxymetazoline and what is it used for

A

selective alpha-1 agonist - mimics affects of NA - vasoconstriction
rhinitis

23
Q

what is a side effect of oxymetazoline

A

medicamentosa - nasal congestion caused by desensitisation of receptor

24
Q

what is rofumilast

A

PDE4 antagonist

25
Q

when are PDE4 antagonists used

A

severe COPD, oral

26
Q

how do PDE4 antagonists work

A

inhibit inflammation and emphysema caused by PDE4 - main PDE expressed in neutrophils, T cells and macrophages

27
Q

what is mepolizumab and when is it used

A

monoclonal Ab against IL5

severe eosinophilia

28
Q

what is ipratropium

A

non selective SAMA

29
Q

what is tiotropium

A

selective M3 LAMA

30
Q

what are some side effects of MA

A

dry mouth
dizziness
oropharyngeal candidiasis
taste disturbance

31
Q

when are MAs used

A

COPD

rhinitis ( decreases watery secretion )

32
Q

what is carbocysteine and when is it used

A

mucolytic

COPD getting worse despite several medications and physiotherapy

33
Q

what is seretide

A

LABA + ICS (salmeterol, fluticasone)

34
Q

what is the treatment for mild COPD

A

SAMA - ipratropium

35
Q

what is the treatment for moderate COPD

A

SAMA + LAMA + LABA

36
Q

what is added in frequent exac of COPD/severe

A

ICS

37
Q

what is acetylcysteine

A

anti-oxidant used in some RLDs

year 1 (45 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions