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year 1 > pneumonia > Flashcards

pneumonia Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common cause of CAP

A

strep pneumonia

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2
Q

when is haemophilus influenzae seen to cause pneumonia

A

COPD

nursery school workers

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3
Q

what can recurrent pneumonia be a sign of

A

bronchial carcinoma

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4
Q

what kind of pattern is pneumonia on spirometry

A

restrictive

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5
Q

what does pneumonia do to pulmonary compliance

A

decrease

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6
Q

what are some signs of pneumonia

A 
bronchial breathing
dull to percuss
crackles on auscultation
rub
cyanosis
hypotension
mouth herpes
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7
Q

what is the most common cause of viral pneumonia

A

influenza

others: CMV, measles, varicella zoster

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8
Q

how is viral pneumonia diagnosed

A

viral culture and PCR

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9
Q

what is viral pneumonia treated with

A

ciprofloxacin + co-amoxiclav

oseltamivir - prophylactic

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10
Q

what is a common cause of pneumonia in bronchiectasis and CF and in hospital

A

pseudomonas

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11
Q

what is the treatment for pseudomonas

A

ciprofloxacin + gentamicin

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12
Q

what is the cause of pneumonia in alcoholics / homeless / diabetics / COPD

A

klebsiella

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13
Q

what is a sign of klebsiella pneumonia

A

red jelly sputum

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14
Q

what is seen in klebsiella pneumonia

A

cavitating pneumonia of upper lobes

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15
Q

what is the treatment for klebsiella

A

carbapenem or cefotaxime/ceftazidime

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16
Q

what is a common cause of pneumonia in immunosuppressed

A

jiroveci

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17
Q

what are some s/s pneumonia jiroveci (PCP)

A

dry cough
fever
SOB
bilateral crepitation

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18
Q

what does a CXR of jiroveci show

A

bilateral perihilar interstitial shadowing

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19
Q

how is jiroveci diagnosed

A

BAL/induced sputum/direct immunofluorescence

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20
Q

what is the treatment of jiroveci

A

high dose co-trimoxazole

or pentamidine

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21
Q

what is the pneumonia associated with travel, diarrhoea, water, foreign holiday, air conditioning, water tanks

A

legionella

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22
Q

what is the presentation of legionella

A

symptoms usually precede a dry cough

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23
Q

how is legionella diagnosed

A

urine antigen / serology

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24
Q

what are some complications of legionella

A 
renal failure
confusion
hepatitis
coma
haematuria
25
Q

what is the treatment of legionella

A

clarithromycin + ciprofloxacin/levofloxacin or rifampicin

26
Q

what cause of pneumonia causes epidemics every 4 years

A

mycoplasma pneumonia

27
Q

who mycoplasma pneumonia usually effect and how is it spread

A

older children/young adults

person - person

28
Q

how does mycoplasma present

A

flu like symptoms followed by a dry cough

29
Q

what is seen on the X-ray of mycoplasma pneumonia

A

reticular nodular shadowing or patchy consolidation of 1 lower lobe

30
Q

what are some complications of mycoplasma pneumonia

A

rash
myelitis
GB syndrome
haemolytic anaemia

31
Q

what is the treatment for mycoplasma pneumonia

A

doxycycline
clarithromycin
ciprofloxacin

32
Q

what is coxiella burnetti associated with

A

sheep and goats

Q fever

33
Q

what is a complication of coxiella burnetti

A

IEC

34
Q

what is the treatment of coxiella burnetti

A

doxycycline

clarithromycin

35
Q

what is chlamydia psittaci associated with

A

birds

36
Q

how is chlamydia psittaci diagnosed

A

serology

37
Q

what is a classic symptom of chlamydia psittaci

A

mucoid sputum

38
Q

what does chlamydia psittaci cause

A

psittacosis

39
Q

what is seen on the X-ray of chlamydia psittaci

A

patchy consolidation

40
Q

what is the treatment of chlamydia psittaci

A

doxycycline

clarithromycin

41
Q

what is the most common cause of CAP

A

strep pneumonia / pneumococcus

42
Q

what is a sign of strep pneumonia

A

rusty sputum

43
Q

what is seen on a CXR of strep pneumonia

A

lobar consolidation

44
Q

what is the treatment of strep pneumonia

A

amoxicillin / Benzopenicillin / cephalosporin

doxycycline if PA

45
Q

when would staph aureus cause pneumonia

A

post flu
HAP
IVDU
elderly

46
Q

what is seen in staph aureus pneumonia

A

bilateral cavitating bronchopneumonia

47
Q

what is the treatment of staph aureus

what is the treatment if MRSA is suspected

A

flucloxacillin

vancomycin

48
Q

what are some s/s Chlamyophilia pneumonia

A

pharyngitis
hoarseness
otitis
followed by pneumonia

49
Q

what is the treatment for Chlamyophilia pneumonia

A

doxycycline

clarithromycin

50
Q

what is the treatment for Chlamyophilia pneumonia

A

tetracycline

clarithromycin

51
Q

what is the commonest chlamydial infection

A

Chlamyophilia pneumonia

52
Q

how is Chlamyophilia pneumonia spread

A

person-person

53
Q

who is Chlamyophilia pneumonia associated with

A

older people

54
Q

what organism can cause infantile pneumonia

A

chlamydia trachomatis

55
Q

how is chlamydia trachomatis spread

A

STI

mother - child

56
Q

when is haemophilus influenzae seen to cause pneumonia

A

COPD

nursery school workers

57
Q

how is haemophilus influenza diagnosed

A

cultured on chocolate agar

58
Q

what can haemophilus influenza cause

A

pneumonia
COPD exac
acute epiglottitis

year 1 (45 decks)

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