resp immunology (without hypersensitivity) Flashcards
what is the function of IL1
vasodilation
endothelial cell activation
CRP activation
what is the function of IL6
key played in fever production by acting on hypothalamus
what cells secrete IL12
infected macrophages
HIV and measles are examples of what
secondary immmunodeficiency
what is reticular dysgenesis
failure of stem cells to differentiate along myeloid lineage in haemopoetic cells
failure of neutrophil production
what is haemolytic disease of newborn
mother generates Abs against Rh +ve affecting every child after first
what 2 receptors do phagocytes possess
Fc receptors
CR1 receptors
what is Kostman’s syndrome
rare AR (chronic neutropenia)
end part of myeloid lineage is affected so neutrophil differentiation can’t occur
first 2 weeks of birth
neutrophil count low/absent
what is cyclic neutropenia
episodic neutropenia every 4-6 weeks
what is leukocyte adhesion deficiency
genetic defect in CD18
genetic drift of leukocyte integrins - failure of leukocyte adhesion and migration
what is chronic granulomatous disease
failure of oxidative killing mechanisms through generation of free radical production - granulomas form
what is the disease where there is a failed development of the thymus
DiGeorge Syndrome
what is SCID
failure of lymphocyte production
what is the most common form of SCID
X linked - mutation of component of IL2 receptor
what is the IL12-gIFN network
(any infection of macrophages)
salmonella/mycobacteria - reside within macrophages which produce IL12
IL12 induces T cells to secrete gIFN
gIFN feeds back to macrophages and neutrophils causing stimulation of TNF and NADPH oxidase within infected cell
oxidative pathway stimulated
what does a deficiency in gIFN or IL12 make u susceptible to
intracellular bacteria
what are some s/s SCID
unwell by 3 months persistent diarrhoea failure to thrive infection unusual skin disease family history early infant death low/absent t cells normal b cells but poor response
what are the s/s digeorge syndrome
congenital heart defects
abnormal facial features
thymic hypoplasia - hypocalcaemia
t cell deficiency
what is Brutons X linked hypogammaglobulinaemia
failure to produce mature b cells
what is X linked hyper IgM syndrome
failure of T cell co-stimulation of B-lymphocytes
what is samters triad
asthma
nasal polyps
salicylate sensitivity
HLA class I is expressed by what
all nucleated cells
HLA class II is presented by
antigen presenting cells
what HLA is more important in transplants
HLA class II - CD4 is main mediator of organ rejection
what is IL2 produced by
activated T cells
what does IL2 do
T cell proliferation and maturation
what is the function of INF-Y
recruitment of other macrophages and neutrophils
