resp immunology (without hypersensitivity)

Question 1

what is the function of IL1

Answer 1

vasodilation
endothelial cell activation
CRP activation

Question 2

what is the function of IL6

Answer 2

key played in fever production by acting on hypothalamus

Question 3

what cells secrete IL12

Answer 3

infected macrophages

Question 4

HIV and measles are examples of what

Answer 4

secondary immmunodeficiency

Question 5

what is reticular dysgenesis

Answer 5

failure of stem cells to differentiate along myeloid lineage in haemopoetic cells
failure of neutrophil production

Question 6

what is haemolytic disease of newborn

Answer 6

mother generates Abs against Rh +ve affecting every child after first

Question 7

what 2 receptors do phagocytes possess

Answer 7

Fc receptors

CR1 receptors

Question 8

what is Kostman’s syndrome

Answer 8

rare AR (chronic neutropenia)
end part of myeloid lineage is affected so neutrophil differentiation can’t occur
first 2 weeks of birth
neutrophil count low/absent

Question 9

what is cyclic neutropenia

Answer 9

episodic neutropenia every 4-6 weeks

Question 10

what is leukocyte adhesion deficiency

Answer 10

genetic defect in CD18

genetic drift of leukocyte integrins - failure of leukocyte adhesion and migration

Question 11

what is chronic granulomatous disease

Answer 11

failure of oxidative killing mechanisms through generation of free radical production - granulomas form

Question 12

what is the disease where there is a failed development of the thymus

Answer 12

DiGeorge Syndrome

Question 13

what is SCID

Answer 13

failure of lymphocyte production

Question 14

what is the most common form of SCID

Answer 14

X linked - mutation of component of IL2 receptor

Question 15

what is the IL12-gIFN network

Answer 15

(any infection of macrophages)
salmonella/mycobacteria - reside within macrophages which produce IL12
IL12 induces T cells to secrete gIFN
gIFN feeds back to macrophages and neutrophils causing stimulation of TNF and NADPH oxidase within infected cell
oxidative pathway stimulated

Question 16

what does a deficiency in gIFN or IL12 make u susceptible to

Answer 16

intracellular bacteria

Question 17

what are some s/s SCID

Answer 17

unwell by 3 months
persistent diarrhoea
failure to thrive
infection
unusual skin disease
family history early infant death
low/absent t cells
normal b cells but poor response

Question 18

what are the s/s digeorge syndrome

Answer 18

congenital heart defects
abnormal facial features
thymic hypoplasia - hypocalcaemia
t cell deficiency

Question 19

what is Brutons X linked hypogammaglobulinaemia

Answer 19

failure to produce mature b cells

Question 20

what is X linked hyper IgM syndrome

Answer 20

failure of T cell co-stimulation of B-lymphocytes

Question 21

what is samters triad

Answer 21

asthma
nasal polyps
salicylate sensitivity

Question 22

HLA class I is expressed by what

Answer 22

all nucleated cells

Question 23

HLA class II is presented by

Answer 23

antigen presenting cells

Question 24

what HLA is more important in transplants

Answer 24

HLA class II - CD4 is main mediator of organ rejection

Question 25

what is IL2 produced by

Answer 25

activated T cells

Question 26

what does IL2 do

Answer 26

T cell proliferation and maturation

Question 27

what is the function of INF-Y

Answer 27

recruitment of other macrophages and neutrophils