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LAST MINUTE! > Resp > Flashcards

Resp Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of MetHb

A

sulfa
dapsone
nitrites
benzocaine

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2
Q

relation of PA to bronchus

A

RALS
Right = ant
Left = superior

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3
Q

Deadspace volume

A

1) find out the alveolar volume
VT * PECO2 = VA * PaCO2
[because P1V1 = P2V2; because PaCO2=PACO2]

2) do VT = VD + VA to find VD

Remember physiological VD = anatomical deadspace + alveolar deadspace
*alveolar dead space is NOT NOT NOT NOTNOT VA

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4
Q

@FRC, PIP =

A

-5

intraalveolar P = 0

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5
Q

Small A-V O2 gradient

A 
cyanide poisoning (because not using the O2)
.: severe lactic acidosis
burnt almond smell
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6
Q

O2 content =

A

(O2 binding capacity * %saturation) + dissolved O2

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7
Q

Perfusion limited

A

O2 (healthy lung) * get close to diffusion in heavy exercise
CO2
N20

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8
Q

Diffusion limited

A 
unhealthy lung (emphysema, fibrosis)
CO
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9
Q

PVR =

A

PVR = Ppulm atrery - Pleft atria / CO

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10
Q

AGE: PAO2 =

A 
PAO2 = PIO2 - PaCO2/RQ
[RQ = CO2 made/O2 consumed]

use this to compare PAO2 to PaO2
if gap is big, then there may be a R-L shunt, V/Q mismatch, diffusion problem

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11
Q

exercise blood gas changes

A 
PaO2 = SAME
PaCO2 = SAME

venous CO2 increased
venous O2 decreased

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12
Q

Bacterial superimposed infections on rhinosinutisis

A

s. pneumoniae
h. flu
m. catarrhalis

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13
Q

Virchow’s triad

A

Venous stasis
Hypercoaguability
Endothelial damage

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14
Q

Inhibitors of elastase:

A 
PMN = A1AT
macro = TIMP
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15
Q

pulsus paradoxus in:

A

cardiac tamponade, pericarditis, croup, asthma, OSA

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16
Q

Hypersensitiyivty pneumonitis: who, s/s, histo

A

farmer/bird people

s/s = dyspnea, cough, tight chest, headache

histo = type III and IV (non-caseating granulomas in alveoli)

17
Q

pneumoconiosis complications

A

cor pulmonale

Caplan syndrome: RA + intrapulmonary nodules

18
Q

lobe and pneumoconiosis

A

Lower = asbestos

Uppers = beryliosis, coal workers, silliosis

19
Q

Ivory white calcified supra diaphragmatic and pleural plaques

A

Asbestosis

20
Q

Job and pneumoconiosis:

  • roofer, plummer, shipbuilder
  • aerospace + manufacturing
  • coal
  • foundries, sandblasting, mines
A
  • roofer, plummer, shipbuilder: asbestosis
  • aerospace + manufacturing: berylliosis
  • coal: CWP
  • foundries, sandblasting, mines: sillicosis
21
Q

ferruginou bodies

A

asbestosis

ogden-brown, dumbbells in alveolar septum

22
Q

eggshell calcification of hilar LNs

A

Sillicosis

also risk of TB (P-L and macrophage dysfunction) and bronchogenic carcinoma

23
Q

NRDS complications and rx complications

A

PDA, metabolic acidosis, necrotizing enterocolitis

Rx = R, I, B

24
Q

PCWC in ARDS

A

NORMAL!!!! normal PVR but edema

25
Q

plexiform lesions

A

tufts of capillaries after long term P.HTN

26
Q

causes of 1’ P.HTN

A

BMPR-2 inactivating mutations, long-term appetite suppressants//amphetamines/cocaine, HIV, CT disease, portal HTN, congenital heart disease, schistosomiasis

27
Q

increase remits via:

A

consolidation only!!!! (pneumonia or pulmonary oedema)

also bronchial breath sounds with late inspiratory crackles

28
Q

how do you know pleural effusion is chylothorax?

A

milky with high TGs

29
Q

pancoast tumour/syndrome

A

invades sympathetic chain causing:

  • SVC syndrome
  • horners
  • sensotimotor deficits
  • hoarseness
30
Q

SVC syndrome

A
  • blockage of venous blood form from head/neck/upper limb
  • MC via malignancy (pancoast) or catheter thrombosis, also mediastinal mass blocking SVC

*just remember if not hoarse, no shoulder pain, no eye problems, it is SVC alone without pan coast

31
Q

Small cell

A 
ACTH, SIADH, Lambert-Eaton
Amplification L-myc
Kulchinsky (small blue)
Chemo
neuroendocrine i.e. chromogrannin, synaptophysin
[carcinoid also positive for these]
32
Q

AdenoCA

A

activating mutation in: KRAS, EGFR, ALK
clubbing (hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
Glandular, mucin +

33
Q

“thickening of alveolar septa”

A

bronchioalveolar subtype of ACA; clara cells, good Px

34
Q

squamous cell

A

cavitation
hypercalcemia (PTHrp)
Keratin pearls, intercellular bridges
ERB-B1

35
Q

large cell

A

anaplastic .: surgery
pedomorphic giant cells
b-HCG

LAST MINUTE! (15 decks)

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