Giant cell: - benign - osteoclastoma - 20-40 - soap bubbles

Osteochondroma: - benign - males 65 - via pagets, p53, Rb, infarcts, radiation - codman's triangle/sunburt Osteomyelitis

Ewing sarcoma: - malignant - males

MSK/Derm Flashcards by Jenna Silverstein

SEE RYANS DECK FOR ANATOMY/NERVES

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Things that shorten in muscle contraction

HIS:
H = just myosin
I = just actin
S = sarcomere

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Type I muscle fibres

Slow twitch
red
ox-phos - mitochindria and myoglobin

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Ca+ channel on smooth muscle

L-type VG

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FGFR-3 constituitive activation effect:

INHIBITION of chondrocyte proliferation

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defective bone resorption

Osteopetrosis

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Defective bone mineralization

Osteomalacia/rickets (with high ALP)

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high ALP alone

Pagets

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High ALP with low Ca, low PO4, and high PTH

Osteomalacia/rickets

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causes of aseptic necrosis

Alcoholism
Sickle/Storage (Gauchers)
Endo/exo steroids
Pancreatitis
Trauma
Idiopathic (legg-calve-Perthes)
Caissons

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Tumour@ epiphysis:

Giant cell:

benign - osteoclastoma
20-40
soap bubbles

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Tumour @ metaphysis:

Osteochondroma:

benign
males 65
via pagets, p53, Rb, infarcts, radiation
codman’s triangle/sunburt

Osteomyelitis

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Tumour @diaphysis

Ewing sarcoma:

malignant
males

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MCP involvement

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

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Random causes of gout

Thiazies - compete for transporters
Von Geirkes - lactic acidosis, compete for transporters
leish nyhan or PRPP excess - overproduction

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pseudogout crystals

calcium PPi = chondrocalcinosis

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pseudogout epidemiology

OA, hyperPTH, hemachomatosis

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Gonococcal artritis triad

STD:
synovitis
tenovitis
dermatitis

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ankylosing spondylitis associations

uveitis

aortic regurg

Reiters epidemiology

chlamydia

GI: shigella, salmonella, yersinia, campylobacter, c. diff

hypercoaguable with paradoxical increase in PTT

SLE

Anti-PL syndrome Abs

lupus anticoagulant
anticardiolipin
anti-b2 glycoprotein

FP tests with anti-PL syndrome

VDLR

long PTT

increased CD4:CD8 ratio

Sarcoidosis

Shaumann and asteroid bodies

sarcoidosis

Polymyalgia rheumatica

- pain and stiff shoulder and hip gurdles - fever, malaise, weight loss, ESR, CRP - women >50 - associated with temporal arteritis - NO weakness, NO CK

Fibromyalgia

- widesread MSK pain with stiffness, paresthesias, poor sleep, fatigue - young women 20-50 - rx = exercise, antidepressants, anticonvulsants - NO inflammation so no markers

Polymyositis

- symmetrical proximal muscle weakness (shoulders) - ENDOmysial inflammation - CD8 - CK, ANA, anti-Jo, anti-SRP, anti-Mi-2

Dermatomyositis

- like polymyositis, BUT CD4 and PERImysial - malar rash, helicotrope (eyes), "shawl and face", grottons papules, mechanic hands - increased risk of GU cancers

proximal muscle weakness with autonomic shit

Lambert-Eaton

MCCD scleroderma

``` pulmonary sclerosis (pulm HTN) [also renal, CV, GI sclerosis] ```

cleft palate via

primary palate (intermaxillary segment) and secondary palates (maxillary prominences) fail to fuse OR if secondary palates fail to fuse together [cleft lip = intermaxillary segment and maxilary prominences, but NOT the palate part)

Inheritance of male-pattern baldness

polygenic inheritance with variable penetrance

common peroneal nerve split functions

deep = anterior leg muscles (dorsiflex foot) and sensation between toes 1 and 2 superficial = lateral leg muscles = evert foot and sensation to most of foot dorsum

parakaratosis

hyperkaratosis (increase SC thickness) with retention of nuclei

acanthosis

stratum spinosum hyperplasia

cholasma/melasma

hyperpigmentation of pregnancy/OCP

intradermal vs junctional nevi

``` intradermal = papule junctional = macule ```

ssss histo

Stratum granulosum keratinocyte attachments destroyed

TEN histo

dermal-epidermal junction destroyed

eosinophils in blistering disorder

bullous pemphigoid

acanthosis nigracans associated with:

``` hyperinsulinemia visceral malignancies (gastric ACA) ```

sawtooth lymphocyte infiltrate at dermal-epidermal junction

Lichen planus

Basal cell CA

ulcerating with rolled boarders telangectasias pallisading nuclei

SCC

sunlight, immunosuppression, irritation, arsenic keratin pearls actinic keratosis - precursor, rough, can horn keratoacanthoma - variant that spontaneously regresses

Melanoma

S-100 variants: - superficial spreading - nodular (bad) - lentigo malinga - acral lentiginous (no UV relation)