Endo

Question 1

Tesamorelin

Answer 1

GHRH analog for HIV lipodystrophy

Question 2

ADH-Rs

Answer 2

V1 = BP
V2 = Osmolarity

Question 3

permissive effect of cortisol

Answer 3

upregulated a1-Rs on BVs

so when NE release it can cause VC

Question 4

inc/dec TBG via:

Answer 4

increase via OCP/pregnancy (still euthyroid; total T4 increased but free T3/T4 amt same)

decrease via liver failure or steroids

Question 5

wolff-Chaikoff

Answer 5

excess iodine inhibits TPO activity

Question 6

NIS competitive inhibitos

Answer 6

Pertechnetate
Perchlorate
Thiocyanate

Question 7

anti TPO

Answer 7

excessive iodine
propothyouracil (also inhibits 5’deiodinase)
Methimazole (DOC unless pregnant)

Question 8

anti 5’deiodinase

Answer 8

PTU
b-clockers
ipodate (contrast)
glucocorticoids
amiodarone

Question 9

metyrapone stimulation test

Answer 9

blocks 11-b-OHase
so no cortisol, no inhibition of CRH/ACTH, ACTH should increase
[in 2’ adrenal insufficiency, there is no increase in ACTH because you can’t make it]

Question 10

CRH stimulation test for:

Answer 10

cushing disease (AP tumour) vs ectopic ACTH
[can also use high dose DEX test]

Question 11

Addisons pathophys

Answer 11

TB, mets, autoimmune

Question 12

phew rule of 10s

Answer 12

10%:

• bilateral
• kids
• malignant
• extra-adrenal
• calcify

Question 13

DeQuervains

Answer 13

Granulomatous, mixed cellular infiltrate, giant cells
High ESR
Jaw pain

Question 14

IgG4-related systemic disease

Answer 14

• Reidel’s thyroiditis
• autoimmune pancreatitis
• Retroperitoneal fibrosis
• Non-infectious aortitis

Question 15

random marker of thyroid storm

Answer 15

high ALP (from bone turnover)

Question 16

Graves rx causing worsening opthamology

Answer 16

radioablation

Question 17

artery with recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answer 17

inferior thyroid a.

Question 18

papillary CA thyroid

Answer 18

• Orphan annie
• nuclear grooves
• RET and BRAF
• psammoma
• lymphocytic infiltrate

Question 19

follicular CA thyroid

Answer 19

• RAS

- hematogenous mets

Question 20

Vagus branches

Answer 20

Superior:

• external = cricothyroid
• internal = sensory above vocal cords

Recurrent laryngeal:

• all larynx muscles except cricothyroid
• sensory below vocal cords

Question 21

Albright disease

Answer 21

pseudohypoparathyroidism:

• kidneys dont sense PTH
• hypoCa++, short, short 4th + 5th digits, AD, round facies, mild mental retardation

Question 22

McCune-Abright disease

Answer 22

example of mosaicism (only survivable is mosaic)

• altered G-protein signalling
• unilateral cafe-au-lait, precocious puberty, polystotic fibrous dysplasia, multiple endocrine problems

Question 23

defective PTH sensing vs. Ca++ sensing

Answer 23

PTH = albright
Ca = hereditary hypocalciuric hypercalcemia

Question 24

increased cAMP in urine

Answer 24

hyperparathyroidism because PTH signals through Gs

Question 25

nephrogenic DI causes and rx

Answer 25

hereditary
hypercalcemia
lithium
demeclocycline

rx = HCTZ, amiloride, INDOMETHACIN (PG clocks ADH, so decrease it)

Question 26

TIDM HLA

Answer 26

DR3 and DR4

Question 27

glucagonoma s/s

Answer 27

• Dermatitis (necrolytic migratory erytema)
• Depression
• Diabetes
• DVT

Question 28

positive secretin stimulation test

Answer 28

Zollinger-Ellison

gastrin levels remain elevated after secretin (supposed to stop it)