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LAST MINUTE! > Micro - Bacteria, Fungi, Parasites > Flashcards

Micro - Bacteria, Fungi, Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

lipoteichoic acid =

A

gram +, induces TNF and IL-1

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2
Q

Exception to polysaccharide capsule

A

B. anthracis = D-glutamate polypeptide

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3
Q

dipiclonic acid

A

heat stability of spores

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4
Q

LOS (not LPS)

A

Nisseria
Campylobacter
Bordatella
H. flu

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5
Q

SHiN

A

Encapsulated - vaccines
IgA protease
transformation (can uptake naked DNA)

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6
Q

Urease +

A 
Proteus
Crypto
H. pylori
Ureaplasma
Nocardia
Klebsiella
S. epidermidis
S. saprophiticus
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7
Q

Catalase +

A 
Nocardia
Pseudomonas
Listeria
Aspergillus
Candida
E. coli
Serratia
staph (all)
H. pylori
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8
Q

M protein

A

GAS, prevents phagocytosis, similar to human cellular protein (mimickry)

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9
Q

Inactivate EF-2

A

c. diptheriae

p aeruginosa

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10
Q

Remove adenine from rRNA inhibiting 60s

A

Shigella
EHEC

*shiga (like) toxin induces cytokine release which is what causes HUS

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11
Q

toxin increases GC (and cGMP)

A

ST of ETEC = decreased NaCL resorption

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12
Q

Bacteria that increase cAMP + mechanism

A 
Overactivate AC via:
ETEC LT - ?
cholera = activate Gs
Bordatella = inhibit Gi
B. anthracis = mimics AC
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13
Q

Bacteria with toxins encoded in lysogenic phage (specialized transduction)

A 
Shiga-like (EHEC)
Botulinum 
Cholera
Diptheria
Erythrogenic strep pyo
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14
Q

PYR +

A

S. pyo

E. fecalis (enterococci)

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15
Q

Superantigens: MOA and examples

A 
TSST-1 (s. aureus) 
Exotoxin A (s. pyo)

Binds APC MHC-II to TCR of Th cell –> polyclonal T-cell activation

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16
Q

Ferments mannitol

A

S. aureus

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17
Q

s. pneumo vs. H flu MC infections

A

s. pneumo = MOPS (sinusitis)

H. flu = EMOP (epiglottitis)

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18
Q

rusty sputum

A

s. pneumo

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19
Q

scarlet fever features

A 
phage-encoded (erythrogenic toxin)
sandpaper rash
post sore throat
strawberry tongue
circumoral pallor
subsequent desquamation
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20
Q

s. agalactiae

A

CAMP factor - enlarges s. aureus zone of hemolysis

Hippurate test +

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21
Q

acute endocarditis: causes

A 
normal valve = s. aureus
IVFA = s. aureus or candida
Damaged valve = s. viridans
post GI/GU procedure = gp D enterococci (E. fecalis/E. Fecium]
With colon cancer = strep bovis
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22
Q

diptheria s/s

A

pseudomembrane
arrhythmias
myocarditis
LAD

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23
Q

metachromatic (blue and red) granules with + Elek test

A

c. diptheria

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24
Q

c. perfringens toxin

A

toxin a = lecithinase

double-zone hemolysis

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25
flu like --> fever, pulmonary hemmorhage, mediastinitis, shock
pulmonary anthrax (wool-sorters)
26
Only gram + with endotoxin
listeria
27
Nocardia vs actinomyces rx
``` nocardia = sulfonamides (cutaneous or pulmonary) actinomyces = penicillin (draining sinuses) ```
28
negative PPD with what:
anergy (steroids, AIDS, malnutrition) | sarcoidosis
29
MAC prophylaxis
azithromycin, when CD4
30
TB virulence factors
1) Cord factor: prevents macrophage maturation and induces TNF-a release 2) Sulfatides: surface, inhibit P-L fusion
31
fast lactose fermenters
e. coli klebsiella enterobacter
32
slow lactose fermenters
serratia | citrobacter
33
non-lactose fermenters
oxidase + = pseudomonas | oxidase - = salmonella + proteus (H2S); + shigella + yersinia
34
EBM growth:
purple/black = lactose fermenter | blue/green sheen = e. coli
35
nisseria gonorrhea in cells:
PMNs
36
Pontiac fever
mild legionella - flu-like
37
EPEC
pediatric watery diarrhea - flattened villi, NO toxin
38
e. coli that does not ferment sorbitor
EHEC
39
STI with donovan bodies
Klebsiella granulomatosis
40
E. coli K1 capsule causes:
neonatal meningitis
41
S. typhi vs shigella
S. typhi - hematogenous, monocytes, watery diarrhea | shigella - cell-to-cell, PMN, bloody diarrhea
42
pseudoappendicitis from puppies, pork, or contaminated milk
yersinia
43
Random congenital syphilis stuff
Rhagades (mouth angle scars) CN VIII deafness short maxilla
44
coxiella burnetti
``` Q fever animal amniotic fluid spores obligate IC MC = pneumonia also MCC of culture - endocarditis ```
45
chlamydia rx
azithromycin or doxycyclin
46
mycology granuloma
blastomycoses - broad-based
47
earthquakes
coccidio; spherule with endospores
48
spaghetti and meatballs
malassezia | degrade lipids which makes acid which destroys melanocytes
49
tenia unginum
nails
50
cells preventing candida
Th prevent superficial infection | PMN prevent dissemination
51
type of aspergillus and condition:
``` invasive = CGD, AIDS allergic = CF, asthma Aspergilloma = TB ```
52
latex agglutination test
crypotcoccus
53
PCP prophylaxis and rx
Prophylaxis
54
Protozoa GI: - giardia - entameba histolytica - cryptosporisium
- giardia - camping, watery - entameba histolytica - bloody, anchovy paste liver, flask-shaped GIT ulcers - cryptosporisium - AIDS (give nitazoxanide); acid fast oocysts, watery
55
babesiosis
ixodes tick fever and hemolytic anemia maltese cross in RBCs
56
Nematodes (roundworms) in GIT | - rx = bendazole
- Enterobius vermicularis - Ascaries lumbricoides - iliocecal obstruction - strongyloides stercoralis - soil to skin, PUD-like intestinal infection - ancylostoma duodenale/necator americanus = hookworm, anemia - Trichinella spiralis - pork, striated muscle cysts, N/V, PERIORBITAL EDEMA, MYALGIA
57
Nematodes in TISSUE
- oncocerca volvulis - blackfly, river blindness, hyperpigmented skin, allergy; ivermectin - loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly, conjunctive, DEC - wucheria - female mosquitoes, eleph. in 1yr., DEC - toxocara canis - visceral larva migrans
58
Nematode routes:
EATT - ingest SANd - feet LOW - bite
59
Cestodes (tapeworms) | rx = praziquantel and/or albendazole
- taenia solium - cysts in pork = intestinal; eggs = neurocysercircosis - diphyllibothrium - raw fish, B12 - ecchinococcus granulosis - eggs in dog feces from them eating sheep; hydatid liver cyst
60
Trematodes (flukes) | - rx = praziquantel
shistosoma - s. hematobium = urinary - SCC bladder and pulmonary HTN - s. mansoni = liver - s. japonicium = liver Clonorchis sinensis - raw fish, biliary tract inflammation = brown pigment stones; cholangiocarcinoma
61
Rx of C. diff
Metro (mild-mod.) - high systemic abs Vanco (severe) - static, low systemic abs Fidaxomycin (recurrent) - cidal, low systemic abs
62
what does strep viridans bind to on valves?
fibrin-platelet aggregates (damaged valves)
63
s. pneumo and bile
bile soluble .: clears turbidity of s. pneumo growth (clearing of turbidity)
64
Function of Vi salmonella
capsule, prevents phagocytosis
65
Motile bugs
Salmonella pseudomonas Trichomonas
66
Intraabdominal infections MC bugs
B. Fragilis | E. coli
67
M protein
Virulence factor of strep pyo - prevents phagocytosis - cytotoxic to PMNS - mediated bacterial attachment - molecular mimicry
68
C. perfringes food poisoning via
reheated meat
69
Yersinia enterolytica
daycares, pseudoappendicitis
70
MCC pneumonia kids 4weeks-18yrs
RSV! | Then mycoplasma, C. trachomatic, C. pneumoniae, S. pneumo
71
MCC pneumonia adults 18-40
MYCOPLASMA c. pneumoniae s. pneumonia
72
MCC pneumonia adults 40-65
S. PNEUMO H. flu Anaerobes, viruses, mycoplasma
73
MCC eldery
S. PNEUMO influenza anaerobes, h. flu, gram - rods
74
Rx listeria
ampicillin
75
Osteomyelitis in IVDA
pseudomonas, s. aureus, candida
76
congenital toxo triad
chorioretinitis intracerebral calcifications hydrocephalus
77
Congenital rubella triad:
PDA (or pulmonary A. hypoplasia) Cataracts Deafness
78
Congenital CMV
deafness seizures petechial rash
79
Congenital HIV
recurrent infections and diarrhea
80
HSV-2
encephalitis | herpetic lesions
81
LVG
C. trachomatis 1-3

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