Immuno

Question 1

axillary nodes drain

Answer 1

all skin above diaphragm, breast, arm

Question 2

superficial inguinal drains

Answer 2

all skin below umbilicus including lower anal canal and scrotum; except popliteal territory (post. calf + DL foot)

Question 3

S’s in skine skies

Answer 3

s. pneumo
salmonella
GBS

Question 4

PAMPs

Answer 4

bound by TLC in innate immunity i.e. by NK cells

ex: LPS, flagellin, ssRNA

Question 5

TAP proteins

Answer 5

MHC-I

bring Ag from protasome to ER to get bound

Question 6

Invariant chain

Answer 6

MHC-II

Blocks binding site in vesicle until fusion with PL

Question 7

CD16

Answer 7

on NK cells, binds to Fc of bound IgG inducing ADCC

Question 8

activate NK with:

Answer 8

IL-2, IL-12, IFN-a, IFN-b

Question 9

activation of TH17

Answer 9

IL-6, TGF-b, STAT-3

Question 10

activation of T-cells co-stim:

Answer 10

APC B7——CD28 T-cell (h or c)

Question 11

activation of B-cells co-stim:

Answer 11

Th CD40L——–CD40R B-cell

Question 12

cytokines inducting:

• IgG
• IgA
• IgE

Answer 12

• IgG = IL-4
• IgA = IL-5, TGF-b
• IgE = IL-4 + IL-13

Question 13

inducer of APRs

Answer 13

IL-6

Question 14

CRP functions:

Answer 14

opsonin
fixes complement
facilitates phagocytosis

Question 15

Down regulated APRs:

Answer 15

albumin

transferrin (taken up by macro to hide Fe)

Question 16

Inhibitors of complement

Answer 16

DAF (DC55) and CI-esterase inhibitor

Question 17

anaphylaxis signals

Answer 17

via complement activation: C3a C4a C5a

Question 18

Macrophage markers

Answer 18

CD14 - (aka TLR4) binds lipid A of LPS
CD40 - binds CD40L of Th
B7 - binds Th/Tc to activate them
Fc-R and C3b-R - phagocytosis

Question 19

NK markers

Answer 19

CD16 - ADCC by binding Fc of IgG

CD 56 - marker

Question 20

superantigens mechanism

Answer 20

crosslink TCR and MHC-II

thus can activate ANY t-cell

Question 21

HST resulting in systemic symptoms and vasculidities

Answer 21

Type III

Question 22

transfusion reactions:

Answer 22

to plasma proteins = allergic or anaphylactic (IGA defic.)
to HLA Ag and WBCs = febrile non-hemolytic
to RBCs = acute hemolytic

Question 23

anti-centromere

Answer 23

CREST

Question 24

polymyositis/dermatomyositis Abs

Answer 24

Anti-Jo
Anti-SRP
anti-Mi-2

Question 25

PBC ab

Answer 25

anti-mitochrondrial

Question 26

scleroderma abs

Answer 26

Anti-Scl-70 | anti DNA topo-I

Question 27

anti-sm

Answer 27

autoimmune hepatitis

Question 28

anti-CCP

Answer 28

RA

Question 29

ASCA

Answer 29

Chrons

Question 30

No B-cell + no IGs vs. no plasma cells + no Igs

Answer 30

No B = BTK deficiency (Bruton's agammaglobulinemia) | No plasma = combined variable immunodeficiency

Question 31

IL-12-R deficiency

Answer 31

systemic fungal and mycobacteria infections because macrophages releasing IL-12 does nothing AR

Question 32

Job syndrome

Answer 32

hyper IgE - AD STAT-3 mutation, no TH17, so PMN chemotaxis or IgE down regulation Facies, cold abscesses, eczema, retained teeth

Question 33

low TRECs

Answer 33

SCID also no thyme shadow, germinal centrism or T-cells do NOT give live vaccines! Get every type of infection

Question 34

immune defic. with high AFP

Answer 34

Ataxia telangectasia | low IgA, IgG, IgE

Question 35

immune defic. with thombocytopenia

Answer 35

W.A triad = thrombocytopenia, eczema, recurrent infections also autoimmune diseases and malignancies via actin cytoskeleton problem *low IgG and IgM *high IgA and IgE

Question 36

high IgE

Answer 36

Job | W.A (also high IgA)

Question 37

delayed umbilical cord separation

Answer 37

LFA-1 (CD-18) defic. | LAD

Question 38

albanism + neuro

Answer 38

chediak higashi; LYST | pancytopenia

Question 39

Nitroblue tetrazolium dye test yellow

Answer 39

CGD | make granulomas because can't kill them with res. burst

Question 40

graft thrombosis with ishcemia/necrosis

Answer 40

Hyperacute; preformed Abs

Question 41

graft vasculitis with dense intersitial lymphocyte infiltrate

Answer 41

acute; CD8

Question 42

proliferation of vascular SM with parenchymal atrophy and interstitial fibrosis; AS

Answer 42

chronic; CD4 (cytokines)

Question 43

post-graft jaundice, rash, diarrhea, HS_megally

Answer 43

GVHD | liver and BM transplants