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LAST MINUTE! > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

anancephaly

A

no forebrain

maternal T1DM

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2
Q

holoprosencephaly problem and s/s

A

malformation - hemispheres dont split
SHH, patau, FAS
cyclopia

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3
Q

lissencephaly

A

agyria

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4
Q

cape-like pain and temp loss

A

syringomealia (C8-T1)

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5
Q

tongue motor innervation

A

all XII except palatoglossus = X

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6
Q

microglial giant cells

A

HIV brain

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7
Q

conditoins that injure oligodendrocytes

A

MS
OML
Leukodystrophies (metachromatic-, adreno-)

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8
Q

fingertip sesnroy Rs

A 
merkel = skin
ruffini = joints + objects slipping
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9
Q

meynert

A

Ach

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10
Q

vasogenic edema

A

when infarct or neoplasm destroys endotheial TJs

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11
Q

REM

A

via PPRF activation
every 90 minutes, increases in duration throughout night
decreased by alcohol, benzos, barbs, NE
[delta decreased by ABB too)

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12
Q

sleep N2

A

spindles/k-complexes
bruxisms
most time here (45%)

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13
Q

thalamus =

A

relay for ASCENDING information

except olfactory

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14
Q

LGN vs MGN

A 
LGN = vision
MGN = hearing (input = superior olive + inferior tectum)
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15
Q

osmotic demyelination syndrome

A

cental pontine white matter destructions (myelinolysis)

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16
Q

Cerebellar tracts

A 
superior = outflow contra cerebrum (purkinje cells)
middle = inflow contra cerebrum
inferior = inflow ipsi spinal cord
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17
Q

cerebellar lesions

A 
dentate = lateral .: ipsi distal limbs (hands, fall to ipsi)
vermal/fastigial/FN = medial .: bilateral axial and proximal limb
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18
Q

intention tremmor

A

cerebellum

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19
Q

cerebellar s/s + anti-Yo, ant-P/Q, anti-Hu

A

subacute cerebellar degeneration

paraneoplastic against cerebellum

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20
Q

post-stroke pain syndrome: cause and s/s

A

thalamic infarct
neuropathic pain - burning/stabbing contralaterally
allodynea and dysethesia

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21
Q

lentiform output

A

always inhibitory!!

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22
Q

direct and indirect paths

A 
direct = increased movement, stim by SNc D1
indirect = inhibit movement, inhib by SNc D2
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23
Q

myoclonus: s/s and cause

A

quick breif uncontrolled movements i.e. hiccups or jerks

indicates metabolic problem: renal or hepatic failure

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24
Q

lewy bodies

A

parkinsons

lewy body

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25
Q

a-synneuclein

A

parkinsons

lewy body

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26
Q

caudate cell death via

A

NDMA-R binding and glutamate toxicity

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27
Q

transcortical aphasias

A

repetition IN TACT

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28
Q

corpus callosum BF

A

MCA

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29
Q

CPP

A

CPP = MAP - ICP

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30
Q

Nucleus ambiguus lesion

A

PICA! 9 + 10 (mixed)
dysphasia, hoarse
[sensory problems of body and face]
ipsilateral horners

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31
Q

Facial nucleus lesion

A

AICA! 5 + 7 (mixed)

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32
Q

basilar a. lesion

A

locked in - blinking only

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33
Q

Berry aneurism RF

A 
ADPKD
Ehlers danlos
old
black
smoker
HTN
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34
Q

hypertensive encephalopathy

vs. hypoxic ischemic encepthalopathy
vs. charcot-bouchard rupture
vs. hypertensive arteriolar sclerosis

A 
HTN-E = progressive HA, non-localizing s/s. brain edema
H-I-E = global ischeima causing coma/vegetative; hippocampus first affected
CBR = see right away because bleed
HAS = lacunar infarcts, same areas as bouchard [in old people can be lobar]; cant see until 1 week (necrosis vis ischemia); via lipohyalinosis or microatheromas
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35
Q

AVM rupture

A

SAH

36
Q

new changes in neuro s/s after SAH

A

vasospasm (or re-bleed or hydrocephalus)
vasospasm dx = dopler (cant see on CT)
rx = nimodipine

37
Q

dx ischemic brain (stroke)

A

diffusion-weighted MRI = within 3-30 mins
CT = 6-24 hrs

need to ensure its not a bleed before tPA

38
Q

1st histo sign of brain ischemia

A

12-48h = red neurons

39
Q

MC site intracerebral hemmorhage

A

basal ganglia

40
Q

Pseudotumour cerebri: s/s, rx

A

HA, obese, female, diplopia (CN 6), papiledema, vit A excess, danazol (for endometriosis), high OP
NO mental status changes

rx = acetazolamide, topirimate, weight loss, shunt, optic nerve fenestration

41
Q

synnapse then cross

A

ASCENDING ONLY!

[CSTr has only 1 synnapse, in the anterior horn]

42
Q

MS spinal cord demyelination

A

white matter, mostly in cervical region

43
Q

Rx ALS

A

Riluzole - decreases presynnaptic glutamate release

44
Q

tabes spinal cord

A

posterior column and dorsal roots

DC - lose propiroception of legs (romberg/ataxia)
DR - pain and temp (charcot)
DR - areflexia of DTRs [but no motor problem]

45
Q

B12 problem:

A 
subacute combined degeneration
- DC - proprioception
- CSTr - motor
- spinocerebellar - ataxia
also axonal degeneration of peripheral nerves - paresthesias
46
Q

superior colliculi

A

conjugate VERTICAL gaze

47
Q

MC secretion from pinealoma

A

bHCG (precocious puberty)

48
Q

Thru optic canal:

A

CNII
Opthalamic artery
Retinal vein

49
Q

thur superior orbital fissure

A

CN 3, 4, V1, 6
opthalamic vein
sympathetics

50
Q

styloPHARYNGEUS

A

CN IX

elevates pharynx and larynx

51
Q

Carotid body + sinus

A

CN IX

52
Q

aortic arch chemo and baro–R

A

CN X

53
Q

dorsal motor nucleus

A

ANS (PSNS) to heart, lungs, upper GI

54
Q

CN V; which way does tongue deviate

A

jaw TOWARDS lesion

55
Q

causes of CN VII palsy

A 
idiopathic (bells)
Lyme
HSV
VZV
Tumour
sarcoidosis
DM
56
Q

nystagmus =

A

Fast correction direction

57
Q

Which side are vessels in fundoscopy?

A

NASAL

58
Q

hyperopia =

A

far-sighted

so eyeball too short

59
Q

peripheral vs central vision loss

A 
peripheral = glaucoma
central = ARMD (scotomas)
60
Q

polio

A

motor problem
ALSO PEC .: mcc aseptic meningitis
[picorna virus; ss+RNA, naked]

61
Q

GFAP +

A

astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
ependymal cells

62
Q

Skin tumours of NF-1 origin

A

Schwann .: NCC

63
Q

acute dysphagia, dystonia, and diplopia

A

botulism

64
Q

cocaine MOA

A

prevents reuptake of NE, 5HT, DA

65
Q

treating anticholinesterase poisoning

A 
atropine = body and CNS anti-muscarinic
pralidoxime = no CNS, but destroys the drug so it decreases Ach at muscarinic AND nicotinic (muscles) receptors
66
Q

S-100 =

A

NCC

67
Q

anti-VEGF: names and rx of:

A

Bevacizumab
Ranibizumab

Wet ARMD
Proliferative DM retinopathy

68
Q

cherry red spot macula adult

A

central retinal artery occlusion

69
Q

Nuclei in pupilary light reflex

A

pre-tectal nuclei
EW nuclei
ciliary ganglia

*bypass LGN because its a reflex

70
Q

fish cause non- and deplarizing Na+ channel blocks

A

non-depol:
saxitoxin
tetrodotoxin

depol:
ciguatoxin
batrachotoxin

71
Q

dementia with visual hallucinations

A

Lewy body dementia

[will see parkinsonian s/s later]

72
Q

MS Dx

A

gold standard = MRI

also IgG oligoclonal bands in CSF

73
Q

random GBS s/s

A 
facial paralysis (CN 5 and 7)
autonomic dysregulation
papiledema via proteins
74
Q

acute disseminated postinfectious enceohalitis

A

VZV, measles, small pox vaccine, rabies vaccine

75
Q

CMTD

A 
pes cavus
scoliosis
common peroneal
motor and sensory
defective production
76
Q

Krabbe

A

galactocerebrosidase –> galactocerebroside + psychosine

globoid cells

77
Q

metachromatic leukodystropht

A

arylsulfatase A –> sulfatides
production and destruction
ataxia and dementia

78
Q

ALD

A

VLCFA
NS, testes, adrenals
X-linked

79
Q

delayed horizontal nystagmus =

A

peripheral vertigo

menieres, canal debris, CN VIII infection

80
Q

immediate nystagmus in any direction =

A

central vertigo

brainstem (CN8 nucleus) or cerebellar lesion

81
Q

Sturge-Weber

A 
STURGE
Somatic, stain (port-wine)
Tram-tracks (leptomeningeal angiomas)
Unilateral
Retardation
GNAQ (activating), Glaucoma
Epilepsy
82
Q

Tuberous sclerosis

A

Hammartomas everywhere
AD
Renal angiomyolipomas, rhabdomyomas, mitral regurg
Ash-leaf, Shagreen
subependymal astrocytomas and ungual fibromas

83
Q

NF-1

A

cafe, lisch, cutaneous
pheo
optic gliomas
NF1 = tumour suppressor

84
Q

VHL

A

hemangioblastomas (cerebellum, brainstem, retina, spine)
RCC bilateral
pheo

85
Q

NF2

A

bilateral acoustic neuromas
juvenile cataracts
meningiomas
ependymomas

LAST MINUTE! (15 decks)

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