Resistance To Change

Question 1

Lewin’s force field analysis….
In order for change to occur the driving force must exceed their restraining force

What forces are there:

Answer 1

Force for change
Driving forces

Forces resisting change
Restraining forces

Question 2

Lewin’s …

What can the analysis be used for:

Answer 2

Investigate the balance for power
Identify stakeholders
Identify opponents and allies
Identify how to influence target groups

Question 3

Why is change resisted?

Answer 3

Self interest - people concerned with the implications on themselves
Misunderstanding and communication problems
Low tolerance of change - insecurity
Different assessment of the situation - no need for change initially

Question 4

Reasons for resistance: Kotter & Schlesinger

Answer 4

Self interest
Different assessment of the situation
Low tolerance for change and inertia
Misinformation and misunderstanding

Question 5

K&S self interest

Answer 5

Powerful motivator
Arises from a threat to security, status and pay
People place their own interests ahead of their organisation, especially if they are not loyal
Herzberg - hygiene factors (pay)

Question 6

K&S different assessment of the situation

Answer 6

Disagreement about the need for change
Some people may feel they have a better solution to the change
Based on the disagreement about what is best for the business

Question 7

K&S low tolerance for change and inertia

Answer 7

Reluctance to change and prefer things to stay as they are
People need security, predictability and stability in work
If there is a low tolerance of change then resistance to change may grow

Question 8

K&S misinformation and misunderstanding

Answer 8

People don’t understand the need for change or are misinformed
Perception may be widespread that there is no compelling reason for change
Element of people fooling themselves that things are better than they really are