Motivation

Question 1

Vrooms expectancy theory

Answer 1

Expectancy- increased effort produces increased performance
Instrumentality - a job well done is rewarded
Valence - importance of various factors that will affect both expectancy and instrumentality

Question 2

Locke

Answer 2

Link between goal setting and employee performance

People are motivated by clear goals and feedback

Question 3

Motivational needs of employees vary according to …

Answer 3

Their characteristics
Circumstances
Job roles
Employment contracts

Question 4

Empowerment and what it involves

Answer 4

Giving people greater control over their working lives
Organise labour force into cross functional teams
Employees plan their own work and make decisions
Teams set targets
Motivate employees through the higher Maslow levels

Question 5

Advantages of empowerment

Answer 5

Higher productivity leads to higher competitiveness and higher profits
More creativity leads to higher product innovation and a better brand image
More competitiveness leads to a higher market share

Question 6

Disadvantages of empowerment

Answer 6

Disruption of training - lowers productivity
Costs - may need to increase budget and use fringe benefits
Opposition from employees due to more responsibility which leads to increase pressures

Question 7

Why empowerment works?

Answer 7

Quality of customer service will be more consistent and higher…
Customers expect the same level of service across the bus.
Higher customer loyalty

Therefore, employees will feel empowered to deliver this service