Research Methods Y2 - Types of Validity Flashcards
What is validity?
The extent to which an observed effect is genuinue – does it measure what is supposed to measure, and can be generalised beyond the research setting within which it was found?
What is face validity?
A basic form of validity to which a measure is scrutinised to determine whether it appears to measure what is not supposed to measure – for instance, does a test of anxiety look like a measure-anxiety?
What is concurrent validity?
The extent to which a psychological measure relates to an existing similar measure.
What is ecological validity?
The extent to which findings from a research study can be generalised to other settings and situations. A form of external validity.
What is temporal validity?
The extent to which findings from a research study can be generalised to other historical times and cars. A form of external validity.
What is internal validity?
Internal validity refers to whether the effects observed in an experiment are due to those contradictory and the reason why it is inappropriate to observe future outcomes should be the most unlikely of validity.
How can demand characteristics affect internal validity?
If participants expect to demand characteristics and act in a way that they think it expected for themselves, some circumstances have questioned the internal validity of judgment, objective reality, claiming that participants were always angry with the experimental situation and did not really agree. They were determined also, i.e. they responded to the demands of the situation.
What is external validity?
Momentum, outward validity relates more to factors outside of the investigation, such as generalising a direct setting, other populations of people and other cars.
How is concurrent validity assessed?
Concurrent validity is demonstrated when the results obtained from a new test closely match those from an established test. For example, a new intelligence test might be administered to a group of participants, and their scores compared to their performance on an established test like the Stanford-Binet. High concurrent validity is indicated if the correlation between the two sets of scores exceeds +0.80.
How can validity be improved in experimental research?
Validity in experimental research can be improved by using control groups, standardizing procedures, and minimizing participant and investigator effects.
How does a control group improve validity in therapy studies?
In a study examining the effectiveness of a therapy, a control group that does not receive the therapy allows the researcher to determine whether any improvements are due to the therapy itself or other factors.
How do single-blind and double-blind procedures improve validity
n a single-blind procedure, participants are not aware of the experimental condition they are in, reducing the effect of demand characteristics. In a double-blind procedure, neither the participants nor the researchers know the experimental condition, minimizing both participant and investigator effects.
How can validity be improved in questionnaires?
Validity in questionnaires can be improved by ensuring questions are clear and unambiguous, controlling for social desirability bias, and assuring respondents that their data will remain anonymous.
How do observations improve validity?
Observations, especially covert observations, can have high ecological validity because the behavior being studied is likely to be natural and authentic, as participants are unaware they are being observed.
How can behavioral categories affect the validity of observations?
If behavioral categories are too broad, overlapping, or ambiguous, they can negatively impact the validity of the data collected.
