Research Methods Y1 - Experimental Method Flashcards
Define the experimental method
The experimental method involves the manipulation of an independent variable to measure the effect on the dependent variable. Experiments may be laboratory, field, natural, or quasi.
Define an aim in psychology.
A general statement of what the researcher intends to investigate; the purpose of the study.
Define a hypothesis.
A clear, precise, testable statement that states the relationship between the variables to be investigated. Stated at the outset of any study.
Differentiate between directional and non-directional hypotheses.
Directional hypothesis: States the direction of the difference or relationship.
Non-directional hypothesis: Does not state the direction of the difference or relationship.
Define variables.
Any ‘thing’ that can vary or change within an investigation. Variables are generally used in experiments to determine if changes in one thing result in changes in another.
Define independent and dependent variables.
Independent variable (IV): The variable that is manipulated by the researcher—or changes naturally—so its effect on the DV can be measured.
Dependent variable (DV): The variable that is measured by the researcher. Any effect on the DV should be caused by the change in the IV.
What is operationalisation in research?
Clearly defining variables in terms of how they can be measured.
What is the importance of hypothesis testing in an experiment?
Hypotheses allow researchers to clearly state the relationship between variables as stated by the theory being tested.
How do researchers decide which type of hypothesis to use?
If there is previous research or theory to suggest the outcome, a directional hypothesis is appropriate.
If there is no prior research or findings from earlier research are contradictory, a non-directional hypothesis is used.
