Relationships - Physical Attractiveness Flashcards
Why is physical attractiveness important in forming relationships?
Physical attractiveness is important because it may signal genetic fitness. Shackelford and Larsen (1997) found that people with symmetrical faces are rated as more attractive. Symmetry may indicate good health, as it is difficult to fake. Additionally, features such as neotenous (baby-like) characteristics—like large eyes, a delicate chin, and a small nose—trigger protective instincts, which are particularly important for reproduction. McNulty et al. (2008) found that physical attractiveness remains an important factor in sustaining a relationship, even after marriage.
What is the halo effect?
The halo effect occurs when we assume that someone with a positive physical appearance also has other desirable traits. For example, Dion et al. (1972) described the stereotype “what is beautiful is good,” which associates physical attractiveness with qualities like kindness, sociability, and success. These assumptions may lead to self-fulfilling prophecies, as we treat attractive individuals more favorably.
What is the matching hypothesis?
Proposed by Elaine Walster et al. (1966), the matching hypothesis suggests that individuals are more likely to form and succeed in romantic relationships with partners of similar physical attractiveness. This is to avoid the risk of rejection while aiming for a partner who is as socially desirable as possible.
What is one evaluation point for physical attractiveness?
Research support for the halo effect: Palmer and Peterson (2012) found that physically attractive individuals were rated as more politically knowledgeable and competent, even when they had no expertise. This demonstrates the real-world influence of the halo effect, particularly in social and political judgments.
What is another evaluation point for physical attractiveness?
Individual differences: Towhey (1979) showed that some individuals place less importance on physical attractiveness in partner selection. Using the MACHO scale, he found that those scoring higher in sexism were more influenced by physical attractiveness. This highlights that individual factors moderate the role of attractiveness.
What research supports the matching hypothesis?
Walster et al. (1966) conducted a study on physical attractiveness, but it faced methodological issues, such as participants only having a few seconds to judge attractiveness. However, Feingold’s (1988) meta-analysis of 17 studies found support for the matching hypothesis in real-life romantic relationships, making it more reliable.
What is another cultural evaluation of physical attractiveness?
Role of cultural influences: Cunningham et al. (1995) found consistency across cultures in physical attractiveness preferences, such as large eyes, prominent cheekbones, and high eyebrows. However, Wheeler and Kim (1997) noted cultural differences: Koreans rated physically attractive people as more collective and generous, while Americans rated them as more individualistic. This shows that cultural context shapes perceptions of attractiveness.
