Biopsychology - Nervous System and Endocrine System Flashcards
What are the two divisions of the nervous system?
Central Nervous System (CNS): Includes the brain and spinal cord, responsible for complex commands and decisions.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Sends information to the CNS from the environment and transmits messages from the CNS to muscles and glands.
What are the two sub-systems of the peripheral nervous system?
Somatic Nervous System (SNS): Transmits information from sensory receptors to the CNS and sends motor commands to muscles.
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): Controls involuntary processes in internal organs, like heart rate and digestion.
What are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic Nervous System: Activates the body for fight or flight (e.g., increases heart rate, inhibits digestion).
Parasympathetic Nervous System: Calms the body after arousal, promoting rest and digestion.
What is the role of the spinal cord?
The spinal cord connects the brain to the body, controls reflex actions, and transmits messages between the brain and the peripheral nervous system.
What is the role of the brain in the CNS?
The brain is the center of conscious awareness and higher functions, such as thought and decision-making. It is divided into two hemispheres.
What is the endocrine system?
The endocrine system works with the nervous system to control vital functions. It releases hormones into the bloodstream, which regulate processes like metabolism, growth, and stress responses.
What are hormones?
Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by glands into the bloodstream. They target specific organs and regulate various physiological processes.
What is the role of the pituitary gland?
The pituitary gland, known as the ‘master gland,’ controls the release of hormones from other endocrine glands, such as the adrenal glands.
What is the function of the adrenal glands in the fight-or-flight response?
The adrenal glands release adrenaline, which:
- Increases heart rate.
- Boosts breathing rate.
- Diverts blood to muscles for immediate physical action.
How do the hypothalamus and autonomic nervous system work together in fight-or-flight?
The hypothalamus activates the sympathetic nervous system, shifting the body from a parasympathetic resting state to an aroused sympathetic state, preparing for immediate action.
