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biological psychology > research methods (brain imaging) > Flashcards

research methods (brain imaging) Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 5 kinds of brain imaging?

A

MRI
MEG
fNIRS
EEG
PET

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2
Q

how many kinds of MRI are there?

A
  1. sMRI
  2. fMRI
  3. dMRI
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3
Q

what does the number in a voxel represent?

the bigger the number, the ___________ the voxel

A

voxel intensity; brighter

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4
Q

which of the 3 MRIs is also known as T1-weighted imaging?

A

sMRI

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5
Q

sMRI is primarily used to study ____ whereas dMRI is used to study _____-related microstructure.

A

GM; WM

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6
Q

what are the 2 measurements in dMRI?

A
  1. FA (fractional anisotropy)
  2. MD (mean diffusivity)
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7
Q

what do FA and MD images show? where are they from?

A

from raw dMRI images.

  • FA shows direction of water movements in WM
  • MD shows overall amount of water diffusion/movement in WM
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8
Q

high/low levels of FA indicates compromised microstuctural integrity. why?

A

low.

water movement in WM is highly directional, so should be high FA. Low FA in WM indicates compromised microstural integrity.

*FA highest in WM, low in GM, lowest in ventricles/CSF

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9
Q

high/low levels of MD indicates compromised microstuctural integrity. why?

A

high.

MD is non-directional. Lowest in WM, high in GM, highest in ventricles/CSF.

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10
Q

what does fMRI measure?

A

brain activity from GM regions

  • measures blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) activity
  • changes in deoxyhemoglobin driven by localised changes in brain blood flow and blood oxygenation
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11
Q

during fMRI scan, multiple brain volumes are acquired across short intervals (from ___ to ____).

duration of these intervals: _______________

A

0.7s-3s; temporal resolution

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12
Q

fMRI analyses always involve a constrast between 2 conditions only. cannot be more or less.

true or false?

A

false. at least 2.

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13
Q

the 2 basic conditions of an fMRI study are?

what is the point of the control?

A
  1. control task - act as baseline activation level, to compare to activity in the task of interest, as everyone has different baseline activation levels.
  2. task of interest
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14
Q

what does EEG stand for?

A

electroencephalogram

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15
Q

what does EEG (electroencephalogram) measure?

A

electrical activity in the brain during a very brief event

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16
Q

what does high temporal resolution mean?

which imaging method has higher temporal resolution, fMRI or EEG?

A

data can be collected across very short intervals

EEG

17
Q

what is subliminal priming?

A

Subliminal priming refers to the process by which a stimulus is presented below the threshold of conscious awareness, yet still influences a person’s thoughts, feelings, or behaviors.

The idea is that the brain can process this information without the individual being consciously aware of it.

18
Q

what is a disadvantage of EEG?

A

poor spatial resolution - difficult to point out exactly where activity is coming from

19
Q

what is ERP?

A

Event-Related EEG Potential - a measure used to examine brain activity in response to specific events or stimuli.

20
Q

what does MEG stand for?

A

magnetoencephalogram

21
Q

which other brain imaging method is MEG similar to? compare them.

A

EEG (electroencephalogram)

  • EEG detects electrical acticity of multiple active neurons while MEG detects magnetic field of multiple active neurons
  • electrical and magnetic fields are perpendicular to each other. the corticol folds in the brain meant that activity in different parts of the fold is sensitive to different methods
  • both have high temporal reso and low spatial reso
  • EEG has lower spatial reso (10mm) than MEG (3mm)
  • EEG detects activity on cortical surface while MEG can detect activity from subcortical regions
22
Q

what is SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device)?

A

superconducting sensor in MEG scanners to detect the very weak magnetic field activity in brain

23
Q

what is fNIRS?

how does it differ from fMRI?

A

functional near-infrared spectroscopy
- detect changes in blood ocygenation levels using infrared signals
- needs detector and emitter (emitter emits infrared signals and detector detects reflected signals)
- amt of signal absorbed/reflected by brain tissue caries with blood oxygenation level
- high temporal reso, low spatial reso

differs from fMRI:
- fMRI detects changes in blood oxygenation level via BOLD signals
- fMRI have higher spatial reso than fNIRS
- both have similar temporal reso

24
Q

how many kinds of brain stimulation are there?

A

TDCS (transcranial direct current stimulation)
TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation)
Deep brain stimulation

biological psychology (4 decks)

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