Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

biological psychology > emotion > Flashcards

emotion Flashcards

1
Q

emotions are ____ states triggered by ___________ stimuli that provoke _________.

A

short-lived; external; action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

feelings are _________ states triggered by __________ stimuli that promote ________.

A

brief; internal; conscious awareness of the situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

moods are ________ states influenced by _________ stimuli, shaping how we ______.

A

long-lasting; internal and external; process information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are 3 theories of emotion?

A
  1. james-lange
  2. cannon-bard
  3. schachter-singer 2-factor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the james lange theory of emotion?

A

a person’s physical responses lead to identification of a subjective emotion

facial feedback hypothesis: facial expressions affect the way we feel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

a person’s physical responses lead to identification of a subjective emotion

what does that mean?

A

perceived stimulus –> physical response —> emotion (subjective feeling)

we feel sad because we cry, angry because we strike, afraid because we tremble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the cannon bard theory of emotion?

A

subjective feelings and physical responses occur simultaneously and independently after perceived stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which theory of emotion is the facial feedback hypothesis under?

A

james lange

**facial feedback hypothesis: facial expressions affect the way we feel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the schachter-singer 2-factor theory of emotion?

A

perceived stimulus causes general arousal —> assessment of surroundings –> subjective feeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cognitive appraisal and labelling of subjective feelings occur in which theory of emotion?

A

schachter-singer 2-factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the 4 major components of emotions?

A
  1. physical sensations (rapid heart rate)
  2. cognitive appraisal (it’s frightening)
  3. conscious, subjective feelings (scared)
  4. behavioural responses (run away)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the 2 dimensions of emotions?

A
  1. valence (happy-sad)
  2. arousal (calm-excited)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

north south east west is to what in terms of the dimensions of emotions?

A

north - high arousal neutral affect
south - low arousal neutral affect
east - moderate arousal positive affect
west - moderate arousal negative affect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

5 types of emotions with highest agreement?

A

disgust
anger
happiness
sadness
fear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

3 moderately-endorsed emotions?

A

shame
surprise
embarrassment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

there are 9 types of emotions that are less endorsed. name just 4 of them.

A

guilt
contempt
love
envy
awe
pain
compassion
pride
gratitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

according to charles darwin, what is the main benefit of emotion?

A

emotional expression evolved to enhance survival

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

according to charles darwin, what are the 3 adaptive advantages of emotion?

A
  1. contribute to general arousal to trigger behavioural response
  2. manage approach or withdrawal behaviours relative to particular environmental stimuli
  3. facilitate nonverbal comm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the survival/adaptive function of happiness?

A

motivates us to do things that lead to increased chances of survivial + reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the survival/adaptive function of fear?

A

triggers flight/fight response, helping us to react quickly to threats, enhancing chances of survival in dangerous situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the survival/adaptive function of disgust?

A

prevents ingestion, minimises exposure to pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the survival/adaptive function of anger?

A

recalibrational theory of anger:

recalibrate individuals who undervalue welfare of angry person when making decisions

anger raises target’s welfare tradeoff ratio (WTR)

When people are aware of someone’s anger, they may adjust their decisions to account for the heightened WTR, leading to outcomes that are more favorable for the angry individual.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

4 major research areas on emotions.

A

recognition/perception

appraisal

regulation

expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what constitute emotional recognition/perception?

A

facial expressions
verbal cues
eyes
biological motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is the emotional biological motion task?
assess an individual's ability to recognize emotions based on biological motion cues. Participants typically view videos or animations of human figures moving in various ways and are asked to identify the emotional state being conveyed—such as happiness, sadness, anger, or fear—based on the movement patterns.
26
what is emotion appraisal?
cognitive evaluation of events/situations
27
what are the 5 cognitive dimensions in emotion appraisal? whose theory is this under?
1. motivational state (reward aka appetitve/punishment aka aversive) 2. situational state (motive-consistent/inconsistent) 3. agency (circumstance/self/others) 4. probability (certain/uncertain) 5. power (strong/weak) roseman's theory
28
under smith and lazarus' theory of emotional appraisal, what are the 3 main factors affecting appraisal?
motivational relevance (is it related to our plans, goals, concerns) motivational congruence (hinder or progress goals) accountability (self or others)
29
in smith and lazarus' emotional appraisal theory, what are the 4 emotions present?
pride gratitude guilt anger
30
rumination is a strategy of emotion __________, for _________ emotions. what is it?
regulation; negative repeatedly thinking about situation and consequential feelings
31
emotion expression is controlled by facial nerve which is ________. it originates in 2 _____ located on either side of midline in the _____. lower 2/3 of face receive input mainly from ____________ facial nerve. upper third of face receives input from __________ facial nerves.
cranial nerve VII facial nuclei; pons contralateral bilateral
32
in emotion expression, facial nucleii receive input from 2 pathways. they are?
voluntary expression spontaneous expression
33
in emotion expression, facial nucleii receive input from 2 pathways. which one is from which part of the brain?
1) voluntary expression primary motor cortex (part of precentral gyrus) 2) spontaneous expression subcortical system (eg. basal ganglia)
34
what is the effect on emotional expression when there is damage to the primary motor cortex?
subject unable to smile on command on the side of the mouth that is contralateral to the damage, but can smile spontaneously
35
what are universal facial expressions?
basic emotions are expressed similarly across cultures developmental timelines for emotional expression are consistent, where blind or sighted, regardless of circumstances
36
emotional expression can be systematically studied using what method by who?
FACS - facial action coding system by paul ekman AU (action unit) + intensity rating A to E
37
one biological correlate of emotion is lateralization. what is that?
left hemisphere - positive emotions + approach behaviour right hemisphere - negative emotions + inhibition behaviour
38
does any structure in the brain have control of any particular emotion?
no
39
emotion is a result of ______ activation of multiple ______ systems.
simultaneous; cortico-subcortical
40
what are the 3 biological correlates of emotion?
ANS cortical areas subcortical areas
41
ANS is split into 2 parts. what are they? which one is high arousal, which one is low?
sympathetic - fight/flight (high arousal) parasympathetic - rest/digest (low arousal)
42
how does ANS differentiate btwn negative/positive emotions?
stronger ANS response in negative emotions
43
is it easy to differentiate 2 positive or negative emotions in the ANS?
yes happiness vs hope anger vs fear
44
the central structure of the emotional brain is ______.
amygdala
45
damage to amydala affects the processing of __________. reduced sensitivity of ___ region on faces - cannot tell emotions, difficulty in social interactions.
fear eye
46
are amygdalas of autists damaged?
no atypical size, function, activity
47
what are the 4 functions of amygdala?
fear recognition threat detection emotional appraisal emotional regulation
48
amygdala and basal ganglia are where in the brain?
subcortical
49
what does basal ganglia do?
coordinate movement in response to emotional stimuli
50
damage to primary motor cortex impacts ____ expression of emotions while damage to basal ganglia impacts _____expression of emotions.
voluntary; spontaneous
51
parts of basal ganglia
striatum (caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens) globus pallidus substantia nigra subthalamic nucleus (STN)
52
which part of the basal ganglia is responsible for emotional appraisal ie, process and anticipate rewards, evaluate rewards info to elicit +ve emotions?
striatum (putamen, caudate, nucleus accumbens)
53
which part of the basal ganglia is responsible for automatic arousal, emotional motor expression and subjective feeling?
STN subthalamic nucleus
54
where is the insula, ACC, and prefrontal cortex located in?
cortical region
55
what is insula for?
interoception (sensation of internal physiological states) emotional awareness - conscious experience of emotions (esp. in anterior insula) basic emotional experience
56
insula split into how many parts?
3 - posterior, mid, anterior
57
the insula is an integrative interface of ___, ____ and ____. it combines ______ sensations with info about ______ emotional stimuli to produce ______.
sensation, emotion, cognition internal; external; global emotional moment
58
what is the ACC for?
anterior cingulate cortex emotional appraisal (esp. threat) high activity in ppl with anxiety disorders emotional regulation
59
emotional regulation in ACC is associated with ___ more than ____.
valence; arousal
60
TMS delivers magnetic impulses to ____ prefrontal cortex of brain, the area linked to depression, to stimulate nerve cells.
left

biological psychology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions