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Psychology > Research Methods > Flashcards

Research Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

what is an aim of a study?

A

the aim of a study is to answer a particular question

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2
Q

what is a hypothesis?

A

a hypothesis is a testable statement with operationalised variables with as much detail as possible to fully define the independent variable and the dependant variable

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3
Q

what is a one tailed hypothesis?

A

it is a prediction to test which way results will go. This isn used when you have previous research

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4
Q

what is a two tailed hypothesis?

A

the will a difference in reduction between the two groups. used when there is no previous research.

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5
Q

what is a bar chart?

A

a type of graph that is used in order to represent independent or discreet data

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6
Q

what is a histogram?

A

it is a type of graph that is used in order to represent related or continuous pieces of data for example what is found in repeated measures designed experiments

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7
Q

what’s a scattergraph?

A

it is uses correlational pieces of data

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8
Q

what can be used to remember a positively skewed?

A

the right foot

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9
Q

what can be used to remember a negatively skewed?

A

the left foot

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10
Q

what is a positive correlation?

A

when there is a pattern of points of data on a graph go up to the right of the graph from the bottom left

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11
Q

what is a negative correlation?

A

when there is a pattern points of a graph goes to the bottom right from the top left

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12
Q

what is no correlation?

A

there is no clear pattern

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13
Q

what does a positively skewed graph show?

A

it would show the test was too hard

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14
Q

what does a negatively skewed graph show?

A

it would show the test was too easy

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15
Q

what is the independent variable?

A

it is the variable that we manipulate

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16
Q

what is the dependant variable?

A

it is the wavetable that is measured

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17
Q

what is the random allocation control?

A

people are randomly selected for their conditions which removes the possibility of bias

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18
Q

what is validity?

A

it shows how truthful something is

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19
Q

what is temporal validity?

A

does something stay the same over time

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20
Q

what is informed consent?

A

tells the participant the true aims of the study and what will happen, they must be aware of the ethics and requires the persons signature

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21
Q

what is the right to withdraw?

A

the patient is able to leave the experiment at any moment, this can cause an issue with results so they are often given an incentive to give them more reason to stay. when it comes to children under 16 the parent has control

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22
Q

what is confidentiality?

A

a participant should not receive any harm mentally or physically eg a cut or embarrassment

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23
Q

why can a debrief be so useful?

A

thanks participant, offers support such as counselling if necessary. tells full intentions of data and leaves a form of contact eg email if a participant wishes to know more

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24
Q

what is independent groups?

A

when participants only take part in one condition

25
Q

what’s a strength of independent groups?

A

no order effects

26
Q

what’s a weakness of independent groups?

A

participant individuals/individual differences

27
Q

what is repeated measures?

A

participants take part in both conditions

28
Q

what’s an advantage of repeated measures?

A

no participant variables/individual differences

29
Q

whats a weakness of repeated measures?

A

order effects

30
Q

what are demand characteristics?

A

people will act in unnatural ways when they are in experiment for example if they are trying to figure out what the experiment is for. this therefor will affect the validity of the results

31
Q

what are behavioural categories?

A

a table of predetermined observational categories

32
Q

whats a structured interview?

A

it provides quantitive data and is planned

33
Q

what is an unstructured interview?

A

it provides qualitative data and is spontaneous

34
Q

what is the mean?

A

its an average used in interval level data

35
Q

how is the mean calculated?

A

its the sum of all the values divided by the number if values

36
Q

what is the mode?

A

the most common number and is used with nominal level data

37
Q

how is the mode calculated?

A

find the most common value

38
Q

what is the median and what level of data is used for?

A

the middle value and is used in ordinal level data

39
Q

how is the median calculated?

A

order the numbers in numerical order and then find the middle

40
Q

what is qualitative data?

A

non numerical, thoughts, feels ect

41
Q

what is quantitive data?

A

numbers and data, can be analysed

42
Q

what is primary data?

A

primary data is data of which you have found yourself

43
Q

what is secondary data?

A

data that other people have found

44
Q

what is a closed questionnaire?

A

yes or no questions

45
Q

what is an open questionnaire?

A

questions that are not a yes or no answer

46
Q

what is a case study?

A

a study that is carried on single individual who is completely unique

47
Q

what is an example of a case study?

A

Little Hans

48
Q

what is random sampling?

A

people are not specifically selected for their conditions

49
Q

what is volunteer sampling?

A

you ask people who are available at the time and they choose if they want to participate

50
Q

what is opportunity sampling?

A

an advertisement is put up eg a poster where people can choose to go out of their way to take part

51
Q

what are implications of psychological research on the economy?

A

expensive for the NHS

allows people to go back to work

people who earn from it pay more back through taxes

52
Q

what is falsifiability?

A

can be proved to be wrong

53
Q

what is hypothesis testing?

A

a testable statement

54
Q

what is a paradigm shift?

A

shared set of assumptions which can be changed

55
Q

what is objectivity?

A

based on fact

56
Q

what is theory construction?

A

an early idea

57
Q

what are empirical methods?

A

knowledge gained through experimental/observational methods

58
Q

what is meant be replicability?

A

it can be repeated by others

Psychology (27 decks)

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