Research, Design, and Analysis Flashcards
Classroom ________ is a process of involving teachers in the formal study of teaching and learning.
research
Classroom Research attempts to answer two fundamental questions: how well are students learning and how effectively are teachers ________.
teaching
Through close observation, the collection of feedback on student learning, and the careful design of experiments, classroom teachers can learn more about how students learn, and more specifically, how students respond to particular teaching __________.
approaches
Classroom research examines different techniques and approaches of teaching to see how effective they are and how students respond to them.
There are seven essential steps to designing an effective _____. The first of these is, Establish the goals of the project - What you want to learn
survey
There are seven essential steps to designing an effective survey. Number 2 is: Determine your sample - ___ you will interview.
who
There are seven essential steps to designing an effective survey. Number 3 is: Choose interviewing __________ - How you will interview.
methodology
There are seven essential steps to designing an effective survey. (4) Create your _____________ - What you will ask.
questionnaire
There are seven essential steps to designing an effective survey. (5)Pre-____ the questionnaire, if practical.
test
Make sure that the questions work before you use them for your final research.
There are seven essential steps to designing an effective survey. (6)Conduct __________ and enter data - Ask the questions.
Interviews
Ask the questions and record the answers.
The conditions that the experimenter manipulates are called _________ variables.
independent
The hope of the experimenter is that the manipulation of the independent variable will produce consistent, predictable changes in the dependent variable.
In an experiment, the ___________ variable is the “cause.”
independent
The independent variable is the cause, the dependent variable is what is affected. For example, if you are conducting tests where you give a person different amounts of caffeine to see how it affects their energy level, then the caffeine is the cause (the independent variable), and the person’s energy level is the dependent variableit is affected by manipulating the caffeine.
There are seven essential steps to designing an effective survey. (7)Analyze the data - Produce the ______.
reports
Use your collected data to find your results.
_____ validation is used to determine how well a solution obtained from one sample would fit an independent sample from the same population.
Cross
Cross validation, bootstrap, and jackknife are all procedures used to validate the results of a study using a single data sample.
‘___________’ is a broad term. It can be defined as research in which: (1) data are collected for each item or variable for two or more distinct periods.
Longitudinal
The physical purity of a light source determines the psychological characteristic that is known as __________.
Saturation
Pure, monochromatic lights are the most highly saturated; their hue is rich and obvious. As more and more different wave lengths get mixed into a light, it becomes lower and lower in saturation-and it starts to look pale and washed out.
‘Longitudinal’ is a broad term. It can be defined as research in which: (2) the subjects or cases analyzed are the ____, or at least comparable, from one period to the next.
same
‘Longitudinal’ is a broad term. It can be defined as research in which: (3) the analysis involves some comparison of data _______ or among periods.
between
Longitudinal research concerns the collection and analysis of ____ over time.
data
Longitudinal data are essential if the research purpose is to measure social change: they allow a diachronic analysis of the incidence of conditions and events.
The most critical element of a successful self-management program is ____-setting.
goal
Goal-setting is considered the most critical element of a successful self-management program. A self-management program is designed to help students learn how to manage their own lives and provide their own ___________. Helping students set goals for themselves with high standards tends to lead to higher performance.
reinforcement
Research shows that the most successful teachers–in regards to classroom management–establish rules and procedures on the ____ day of class.
first
Establishing efficient rules and procedures helps the teacher to maintain discipline in the class.
Several types of data may be regarded as ____________: repeated cross-sectional studies; prospective studies, retrospective studies.
longitudinal
Because longitudinal research is a broad term, methods for the analysis of social change may also vary substantially.
Longitudinal research can potentially provide fuller information about individual ________.
behavior
___________ research is phenomenological, inductive, holistic, subjective/insider centered, process oriented, anthropological worldview, and has a relative lack of control.
Qualitative
The goal of qualitative research is to understand the actor’s ____.
view
It does not compare results between children receiving or not receiving a particular instructional technique. Instead, it typically focuses on observing a “slice of life” in a classroom and explaining its significance. It is extremely discovery oriented.
____ studies are a valuable way to share the experiences of others who have traveled the road before you.
Case
When the activity itself is _________, we do not need incentives or punishments–we have intrinsic motivation.
rewarding
Intrinsic motivation; the motivation stems from factors such as interest or ______. This is different from extrinsic motivation–when we do something in order to earn a grade or reward, avoid punishment, or some other reason that doesn’t have to do with the activity itself.
Curiosity
There are various ways to describe someone’s score. A __ score of 0, a T score of 50, and a stanine score of 5 all indicate a score right on the mean.
Z
A Z score of 0 means 0 standard deviations above the mean, which means the person scored right on the mean. A T score of 50, stanine score of 5, are all different ways of indicating a mean score.
Highly _______ students perform best in organized classrooms.
anxious
Organized, well-structured classes are a must for highly anxious students, because they are usually more easily distracted by irrelevant or incidental aspects of the task at hand–they seem to have trouble focusing on the significant details.
Case Studies are also useful for encouraging __________ about best practices and problem-solving strategies.
discussion
__________ consist of a set of methods and rules for organizing and interpreting observations.
Statistics
Statistics have certain rules of performance and of interpretation.
