Educational Aims or Philosophies

Question 1

_____________ is an extremely important part of schooling. Arnstines article on socialization and education brought to light many down-to-earth elements of teaching. “District standards” and “district multiple measures (tests),” have altered teaching to better match what will be tested at the end of the year. Meeting grade level goals seems to be more of a “socialization” goal for first graders.

Answer 1

Socialization

Question 2

It is possible to attempt a _______ between education and socialization. Teachers feel tremendous amount of pressure to prepare their students for standardized tests. The students in these classes are missing out on the most important educational experiences due to pressure placed on their teachers to get their students to perform well on tests.

Answer 2

balance

Question 3

Schools typically evaluate children applying to pre-kindergarten and kindergarten to determine school _________.

Answer 3

readiness

Question 4

Many teachers have removed projects and theme units so they can “cover the material.” Teachers should feel encouraged to educate with projects and theme units. This is where “_________” really takes place.

Answer 4

education

Question 5

Piaget defined four stages of cognitive development. An important characteristic of the ______________ stage is that the child is very egocentric–he/she has difficulties seeing another person’s point of view.

Answer 5

preoperational

The Preoperational Stage is the second stage, and lasts approximately from 2-7 years of age.

Question 6

Educators must guide students to discern between the benefits and opportunities of globalization and the new information technologies on one hand, and the dangers, threats, and pitfalls on the other. We must develop in them the sense of freedom and ______________ in making the right choices.

Answer 6

responsibility

Along with the freedom to make choices is the responsibility to make the right choices. This is an essential factor for socialization.

Question 7

The first step in any plan is determining the __________.

Answer 7

objectives

Question 8

Just two years after the UN proclaimed the year ____ as the International Year of the Culture of peace, ushering a global effort of transforming our culture of violence and death into a culture of peace, we live in an Age of Terror; fear and insecurity, and we have embraced a culture of greed.

Answer 8

2000

Question 9

___________ is the principle that the amount or number of something remains the same even if the arrangement or appearance is changed–as long as nothing is added and nothing is taken away.

Answer 9

Conservation

Having difficulty with the concept of Conservation is a characteristic of the preoperational stage, as defined by Piaget.

Question 10

____________ paper entitled, Building Civic Capacity for a New Century: Engaging Young People in Civic Institutions and Civil Society, called education a key factor in change.

Answer 10

Kerry J. Kennedys

Education is a primary factor in change, as it influences the voices and the decision-makers of tomorrow.

Question 11

______________ is the ability to assume another person’s perspective and understand his/her thoughts and feelings.

Answer 11

Perspective-taking

Perspective-taking develops over time, until older adolescents and adults can even imagine how different cultural or social values would influence someone’s perceptions.

Question 12

He (Kennedy) says there is “undoubtedly a role for the school curriculum as the single most important policy instrument societies have to develop civic capacity in young people.” He asks what should be the nature of the schools _______ in the new century, and how can it contribute to capacity building in future citizens.

Answer 12

mission

Since education is such a key factor in change, it is only natural that the mission of schools should be to form children with the best interests of society, and change in mind.

Question 13

Employers and schools alike are beginning to recognize the importance of a __________ system.

Answer 13

School-to-Work

Question 14

School-to-work programs are being used more and more to prepare students for the ____ world, as opposed to preparing students who are only used to an academic atmosphere.

Answer 14

work

Question 15

If in two different settings, the same people take a professional certification test twice, and they score in the same performance bracket both times, then the certification test is said to be ________.

Answer 15

reliable

The test is reliable, because it provides consistent results.

Question 16

Non-tracked, thematic programs of study should prepare all students for entry into both ______ education and high-skill employment.

Answer 16

higher

Question 17

A test can be reliable, but if it turns out that it doesn’t really accurately test what it’s supposed to, then it is said to lack ________.

Answer 17

validity

A test lacks validity if it does not really measure what it is supposed to measure.

Question 18

According to _____________, boys are more analytical than girls.

Answer 18

Maccoby and Jacklin

According to their research, boys have higher analytical ability involving spatial relations than girls, better at mathematical skills, mechanical processing, etc..

Question 19

Many of today’s high schools place students in high school education ______. These should be replaced by programs of study organized around high academic standards, broad career themes that foster interdisciplinary approaches to instruction, and the integration of classroom and work-based learning.

Answer 19

tracks

Tracks can be limiting and inaccurate.

Question 20

Selection of a career-focused program of study in high school should be based on _______ interests and should not be a final, high-stakes career decision.

Answer 20

general

Career-focused programs can give information and experience to students that will give them a great advantage when entering the work-world.

Question 21

Students should select programs of study based on their general intellectual and career _________.

Answer 21

interests

Question 22

Rather than having to make a definitive career choice, students should opt into a broad curriculum that teaches academic and practical skills in an engaging and hands-on way through the lens of a ______ or discipline that interests them.

Answer 22

career

The career that interests them should not dictate every course the student takes.

Question 23

____-based learning yields benefits that classroom-based education alone cannot provide and should be an integral part of the core curriculum for all students.

Answer 23

Work

Work-based learning gives students a first hand look at what their possible working environment could look like.

Question 24

Providing students with meaningful work ___________ that reinforce what they learn in school and expose them to a variety of career options will increase the chances of their being valued and hired by employers, and their making good career choices.

Answer 24

experiences

Question 25

___________ can only benefit from a new-hire who has already the experience of having participated in a workplace or workplace-like setting, as opposed to the rather limited academic environment currently provided.

Answer 25

Employers

Question 26

Separate __________ and academic tracks should be replaced gradually at the high school level with programs of study that emphasize practical education for all. In the redesigned high school, technical and academic instruction should be merged, transforming high schools into active learning environments, similar to today’s high-performance workplaces.

Answer 26

vocational

As a student discovers his/her career path choice, a gradual focus on this track will be beneficial to preparation for the workforce.

Question 27

Students, as individuals and as team members, should be expected to master the ______, plan and complete projects, pose and solve problems, and present and explain their work through various media.

Answer 27

basics

Individuality as well as being a team player are key components sought after in todays employees.

Question 28

A person that rates him or herself high on both masculine and feminine traits is ___________.

Answer 28

androgynous

Such a person may take an assertive or sensitive approach, depending on the situation.

Question 29

The integration of secondary and postsecondary learning environments is critical to the development of rigorous programs of _____________. Enrollment in postsecondary courses should figure prominently in program majors designed by students to add depth and focus to their high school education.

Answer 29

career-related education

Student participation in every level of this is key for complete development and preparation for the future.

Question 30

________ learning is defined in the as “all learning activity undertaken throughout life, with the aim of improving knowledge, skills and competence, within a personal, civic, social and/or employment-related perspective.”

Answer 30

Lifelong

Question 31

Students should learn to value the acquiring and updating of all kinds of abilities, interests, knowledge and qualifications from the pre-school years to post-__________.

Answer 31

retirement

Question 32

It must be promoted to develop _________ and competencies that will enable each citizen to adapt to the knowledge-based society and actively participate in all spheres of social and economic life, taking more control of his or her future.

Answer 32

knowledge

Question 33

______ education is becoming an increasingly popular topic in the fields of psychology and education. Media reports of increased violent juvenile crime, teen pregnancy, and suicide have caused many to declare a moral crisis in our nation.

Answer 33

Moral

Question 34

While not all of these social concerns are moral in nature, and most have complex origins, there is a growing trend towards linking the solutions to these and related social problems to the teaching of moral and social values in our public schools. However, considerations of the role schools can and should play in the moral ___________ of youth are themselves the subject of controversy.

Answer 34

development

Morals themselves are hard to define.

Question 35

_________ is among the first psychologists whose work remains directly relevant to contemporary theories of moral development. He focused specifically on the moral lives of children, studying the way children play games in order to learn more about children’s beliefs about right and wrong.

Answer 35

Jean Piaget

Question 36

According to Piaget, all development emerges from action; that is to say, individuals construct and reconstruct their knowledge of the world as a result of interactions with the environment. Based on his observations of children’s application of rules when playing, Piaget determined that morality, too, can be considered a ____________ process.

Answer 36

developmental

Piaget believed that the way people deal with and apply rules is an almost direct reflection of the moral values of the person.

Question 37

Piaget concluded from this work that schools should emphasize cooperative ________-making and problem solving, nurturing moral development by requiring students to work out common rules based on fairness.

Answer 37

decision

Question 38

Piaget suggested that a classroom teacher perform a difficult task: the educator must provide students with opportunities for ________ discovery through problem solving, rather than indoctrinating students with norms.

Answer 38

personal

Question 39

__________ teacher education is an approach that requires prospective teachers to demonstrate minimum levels of performance on specified teaching tasks in actual or simulated situations.

Answer 39

Competency-based