Research and Program evaluation Flashcards
the process of gathering data in order to make evaluative comparisons regarding different situations
Experimental research
T/T An experiment attempts to eliminate all extraneous variables.
T
The researcher uses preexisting groups and hence the IV (independent variable) cannot be altered (ie..gender or ethnicity). What type of experiment is this:
quasi- experiment
In a quasi experiment you cannot state with any degree of statistical confidence that the IV caused the DV- T/F
T
Ex post facto study is what type of experiment?
Quasi- experimental
Ex post facto means…
after the fact
maturation of subjects, fatigue, subjects withdrawing, instruments used to measure behavior, all would result in a threat to ….
internal validity
______Refers to whether the DVs were truly influenced by the experimental IVs or whether other factors had an impact.
Internal validity
______ refers to whether the experimental research results can be generalized to larger populations (other people, settings or conditions)
External validity
_______ refers to statistical procedures that use the important or underlying “factors” in an attempt to summarize a lot of variables.
Factor analysis
A test which measures a counselor’s ability tries to describe the 3 most important variables that make an effective helper
factor analysis
important variables can also be called _____
factors
factors may also be called_______-
variables
a nonparametric statistical measure that tests whether a distribution differs significantly from an expected theoretical distribution
chi-square
Experiments emphasize parsimony- meaning
interpreting the results in the simplest way
Parsimony can also be called______
Occam’s Razor
flaws in research are often called______
bubbles
_______ occurs when a undesirable variable which is not controlled by the researcher is introduced in the experiment.
confounding
______ research is conducted to advance our understanding of theory
Basic
_____ is conducted to advance our knowledge of how theories skills and techniques an be used in terms of practical application. LETS MAKE THIS APPLICABLE FOLKS!
applied research
In experimental nomenclature IV stands for ….
Independent variable
In experimental terminology DV stands for…
dependent variable
A variable is a factor capable of….
change
The IV is the variable that the researcher, experimenter ….
controls, manipulates, experiments with.
DV memory device
D could stand for Data
IV memory device-
I manipulate the variable- the IV
a causal comparative design
a true experiment such as biofeedback research
T/F Data gleaned from the causal comparative ex post facto can be analyzed with a t- test or ANOVA
T
1subjects are informed of any risks
2negative after-effects are removed
3you will allow subjects to withdraw at any time
4confidentiality of subjects will be protected
5results of research reports will be presented in accurate format that is not misleading
6you will use only techniques that you are trained in
These are an example of……
code of ethics for experimenters
______ is considered a necessary factor for professionalism in counseling
research
control group needs 15 people, experimenter group needs 15
T
If you can’t randomly assign subjects to either group it is ______ experiment
Quasi experiment
How many people do most experts say are needed to conduct a true experiment?
30
a survey should include how many people?
100
Hypothesis testing is closely related to who’s work?
RA Fisher memory device- gonna fish for the hypotheses answer.
A statement that can be tested regarding the relationship of the IV and DV:
Hypothesis
The IV does not affect the DV- this is called ______________ hypothesis.
The Null hypothesis
What kind of study would study the results of several other studies?
Meta analysis
Descriptive statistics describes:
data- like the mean, mode, median
One needs _______ statistics in order to compare 2 groups.
inferential statistics
_________ is a value obtained from a population while a statistic is drawn from a sample.
parameter
level of confidence means….
level of significance
type 1 error- Alpha- occurs when….
you reject null and its true
type 1 error- Alpha- occurs when….
you reject null (DV was not affected by IV)333 and its true
Type 1 error is also called…
Alpha
Type 2 error is called-
Beta
test used to ascertain whether two sample means are significantly different
t-test
If the t value obtained statistically with the t table- is lower than the t value (sometimes called critical t) then the null is
a. accepted
b. rejected
null is accepted
in order to reject null my number must \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the number cited in the table a. exceed b. be the same as c. be less than
exceed
The results of an ANOVA yield an ….
F statistic
