Research and Program evaluation 2 Flashcards
more than one level of a SINGLE IV - which test will use?
ANOVA- one-way analysis of variance
Two IVs require which test?
2 way ANOVA
To complete a t test you would consult ….
tabled value of t
To see if significant differences exist in an ANOVA you would consult…..
a table for F values
group comparison tests such as Turkey’s, Duncan’s and Scheffe’s are called…..
post hoc
Posteriori tests for ANOVA calculations. What is posteriori?
Post hoc
Does correlation mean causal?- just because something correlates does it mean that it causes it.??
Correlation does not mean causal
Does correlational research yield cause -effect data?
No it is Quasi experimental
When the correlational data describe the nature of two variables the term__________ is utilized.
Bivariate- and more than two the term Multivariate is used.
N=1 is an intensive experimental design. The first task would be to _______
take a baseline measure
If I were a behaviorist and wanted to discover my client’s score I would
utilize the N=1 , which is for one client
multiple baseline design means…
when a researcher employs more than one target behavior
in correlation study a perfect relationship exists at what point on the graph?
1.0 or -1. 0 it is called a “linear relationship”
correlation is a ___________ statistic, which indicates the degree of “linear relationship”
descriptive
pearson r is the most common correlation coefficient uses I and R which mean
interval and ratio-
spearman Rho is an
The Spearman’s rank-order correlation is the nonparametric version of the Pearson
The guassian curve is what ?
bell shaped normal curve for the mean, median, and mode
The normal curve for the mean, median, and mode all fall precisely in the middle of the curve is what shaped?
bell shaped
Curves that are not symmetrical but asymmetrical are called
skewed distributions
what is the 68-95-99.7 rule?
68% of scores fall within plus/minus 1 standard deviation, 95% within 2 SDs of the mean, and 99.7 within 3 SDs of the mean. ALMOST all the scores will fall between 3 SDs of the mean
68% of scores fall within plus/minus 1 standard deviation, 95% within 2 SDs of the mean, and 99.7 within 3 SDs of the mean. ALMOST all the scores will fall between 3 SDs of the mean- This curve is what type?
Normal curve- Gaussian curve
bimodal, unimodal and multimodal are examples of what?
graphical representations of distributions and amount
The exam provides a list of test scores such as
1, 10, 19, 19, 1, 10, 19, 19, 6, 54 . The mode is what?
19 because it appears the most frequent
1, 10, 19, 19, 1, 10, 19, 19, 6, 54- the mean would be?
15.8 to get this add all the numbers together and divide by how many numbers there are.
1, 10, 19, 19, 1, 10, 19, 19, 6, 54 the median would be?
14.5 it is all the numbers put in order and then the middle number- if even amount of numbers add the two middle and divide by 2
distance between the largest and smallest scores is called the
range
1, 10, 19, 19, 1, 10, 19, 19, 6, 54 the range of these is?
53- to get this take 54 the largest and subtract the smallest score 1
point of maximum concentration is called the
mode
the MOST useful measure of central tendency is the_________ but if the distribution is plagued with extreme scores then the ________is the statistic of choice, and the best for skewed distributions .
a. mean / x with a bar over it-
b. median
the three measures of central tendency are __
mean mode and median
the least important measure of central tendency…..
mode memory device: maximode central
when there are extreme scores- we say the distribution is _________
skewed
The middle score when the data are arranged from highest to lowest
median
add up all the scores and divide by how many scores gets the…
mean
the score used most is the….
mode
A counselor wants to ferret out the effects of more than one IV- she will use a _________design
a. pearson r
b. factorial
c. spearman rank rho
d. a and c
factorial experiements use several variables - they include two or more IVs sometimes called levels
A raw score of 82 calculates to mean what?
only 82 of the items were answered correctly
percentiles, t-scores, z-scores, stanines or standard deviations is an example of what type of score?
standard score
standard score allows you to analyze the data in ______to the properties of normal bell shaped curve.
relation
a distribution with class intervals can be graphically displayed via a bar graph also called a__________
histogram
a horizontal line under the a frequency distribution is known as the_________
x axis also called the abiscissa
the X axis plots which variable’s scores?
the independent variable
which direction does the x axis take:
vertical or horizontal?
horizontal
the Y axis plots which variable’s scores?
the dependent variable
the line which runs vertical is which axis?
the Y also called the ordinate-
If you are plotting the average weights of adult men and women how many points of concentration would be on the curve? And what kind of a distribution is it?
2- because of 2 IVs and Bimodal
John Henry effect does what?
a threat to internal validity due to compensatory rivalry of a comparison group
At what time might the range of scores on a test increase?
when the sample size is larger
variance is a measure of dispersion of scores around the measure of _________
central tendency / Variance is the SD squared.
a popular IQ test has a standard deviation of 15. A counselor would expect that if the mean IQ score is 100 then what percentage would of people who take the test will score between 85- 115?
68%
A counselor would expect that if the mean IQ score is 100 then a person taking the test with a score of 122 - what range would fall within?
plus or minus 2 SD of the mean
and if everyone scored the same on the test it would be 0 SD everyone would be right at the mean
Z scores are the same as __________.
standard deviations
a standard score is same as __________
z score
z score of plus 1 SD would be what percentage of the population?
34%- half of 68% which is the percentage of how many fall into the SD of 1.
