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LECTURE EXAMINATIONS > RESEARCH > Flashcards

RESEARCH Flashcards

1
Q

A therapist is participating in a study to check the fitness level of the senior population in a baranggay in Quezon city is using a simple random sample to draw a sample from the population. By selecting this type of sample, the PT ensures that:
a. The sample will have proportoinal representation from all parts of the population.
b. Every member of the population has an equal opportunity of being chosen
c. The sample size will be large.
d. The data collected from the sample will be normally distributed.

A

b. Every member of the population has an equal opportunity of being chosen

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2
Q

In this type of sampling, all have equal chance of being a part of a sample.
a. stratified
b. systematic
c. simple random
d. snowball
e. purposive

A

c. simple random

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3
Q

The therapist administered a visual perceptual assessment tool to a patient with Bell’s palsy degeneration at the beginning of therapy and before the family-rehab team meeting. Administering an assessment tool in the fashion measure:
a. interrater reliability
b. test-retest reliability
c. standard error of measurement
d. central tendency

A

b. test-retest reliability

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4
Q

When conducting clinical research, external validity refers to your ability to:
a. Apply the results of your study to a different population of patients.
b. Compare your results to those from similar population of patients.
c. Generalize the results of your study to similar patients who were not in your study.
d. Verify that the instruments used are measuring what they are supposed to measure.

A

c. Generalize the results of your study to similar patients who were not in your study.

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5
Q

In order for an instrument to have good predictive validity, the score must be highly correlated with:
a. Another measure that is considered to be the gold standard.
b. Occurrence of some type of clinical condition or outcome.
c. Scores from the same instrument administered by at least one other tester.
d. Scores from the same instrument repeated at a later time.

A

c. Scores from the same instrument administered by at least one other tester.

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6
Q

What is the diagnostic advantage of having a highly sensitive test?
a. When the test is negative, you can confidently rule in that diagnosis.
b. When the test is negative, you can confidently rule out that diagnosis.
c. When the test is positive, you can confidently rule in that diagnosis.
d. When the test is positive, you can confidently rule out that diagnosis.

A

b. When the test is negative, you can confidently rule out that diagnosis.

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7
Q

Tendency of a person who are singled out for special attention to perform better merely because they are being observed:
a. Hawthorne effect
b. Placebo effect
c. Multiple treatment interactions
d. Maturation
e. NOTA

A

a. Hawthorne effect

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8
Q

Which of the following are possible threats to internal validity?
a. Hawthorne effect
b. Placebo effect
c. Carry over effect
d. AOTA

A

d. AOTA

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9
Q

This measure of reliability concerns variation between two or more raters who measure the same group of subjects.
a. Intratester reliability
b. Intertester reliability
c. Test-retest reliability
d. Test-again reliability
e. NOTA

A

b. Intertester reliability

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10
Q

This is the ability to generalize the research to the general population with the same characteristics.
a. Internal validity
b. External validity
c. Reliability
d. NOTA

A

b. External validity

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11
Q

If a test has high sensitivity and it obtained a negative result you can confidently:
a. Rule out the diagnosis.
b. Rule in the diagnosis.
c. AOTA
d. NOTA

A

a. Rule out the diagnosis.

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12
Q

A type of error where in the researcher rejects the null hypothesis when it is true
a. Type 1 error
b. Type 2 error
c. Type 3 error
d. Both a and c
e. NOTA

A

a. Type 1 error

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13
Q

In this type of curve, values are spread far apart
a. Mesokurtic
b. Platykurtic
c. Leptokurtic
d. Both a and b

A

b. Platykurtic

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14
Q

Person product moment uses these types of data:
I. Nominal
II. Ordinal
III. Ratio
IV. Interval

a. I and II
b. I and III
c. II and IV
d. III and IV
e. I and IV

A

d. III and IV

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15
Q

56 years old
a. nominal
b. ordinal
c. ratio
d. interval
e. NOTA

A

c. ratio

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16
Q

25 kilograms:
a. nominal
b. ordinal
c. ratio
d. interval
e. NOTA

A

c. ratio

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17
Q

34 degrees celsius
a. nominal
b. ordinal
c. ratio
d. interval
e. NOTA

A

d. interval

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18
Q

3/5 standard MMT grade
a. nominal
b. ordinal
c. ratio
d. interval
e. NOTA

A

b. ordinal

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19
Q

4/10 pain scale
a. nominal
b. ordinal
c. ratio
d. interval
e. NOTA

A

b. ordinal

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20
Q

150 lbs
a. nominal
b. ordinal
c. ratio
d. interval
e. NOTA

A

c. ratio

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21
Q

5 ft 3”
a. nominal
b. ordinal
c. ratio
d. interval
e. NOTA

A

c. ratio

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22
Q

Male gender
a. nominal
b. ordinal
c. ratio
d. interval
e. NOTA

A

a. nominal

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23
Q

5 cm
a. nominal
b. ordinal
c. ratio
d. interval
e. NOTA

A

c. ratio

24
Q

True absolute zero
a. nominal
b. ordinal
c. ratio
d. interval
e. NOTA

A

c. ratio

25
Q

Not true absolute zero
a. nominal
b. ordinal
c. ratio
d. interval
e. NOTA

A

d. interval

26
Q

Blood Type A
a. nominal
b. ordinal
c. ratio
d. interval
e. NOTA

A

a. nominal

27
Q

If the forced expiratory volume in on second (FEV1) test is negative for airway obstruction in 99% of individuals without lung disease, then the measurement of FEV1 is:
a. sensitive
b. specific
c. reliable
d. valid

A

b. specific

28
Q

To meet the definition of “reliable”, a test must be both consistent and
a. cost effective
b. efficient to use in a clinical setting
c. free from error
d. highly specific

A

c. free from error

29
Q

This is conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients.
a. research
b. evidence based practice
c. experimental research
d. non-experimental research
e. NOTA

A

b. evidence based practice

30
Q

Degree of consistency or agreement between repeated measurements taken when the underlying phenomenon has not changed.
a. reliability
b. validity
c. AOTA
d. NOTA

A

a. reliability

31
Q

Building blocks of the research questions.
a. concepts
b. variable
c. constructs
d. criteria

A

b. variable

32
Q

When is it considered acceptable for a clinical trial to include a non-treatment control group as a basis for comparison with a new experimental therapy?
a. When there is no known form of therapy to treat the patient’s condition.
b. When the experimental therapy has shown positive results in animal studies.
c. When the study is reviewed by the facility’s institutional review board (IRB).
d. When subjects are randomly assigned to a group.

A

a. When there is no known form of therapy to treat the patient’s condition.

33
Q

True about the degree of freedom:
a. In a statistical calculation, this represents how many values involved in a calculation have the freedom to vary.
b. Degrees of freedom equal the number of values involved in a calculation have the freedom to vary.
c. AOTA
d. NOTA

A

b. Degrees of freedom equal the number of values involved in a calculation have the freedom to vary.

34
Q

Sample is chosen based on availability:
a. simple random sampling
b. convenience sampling
c. stratified random sampling
d. NOTA

A

b. convenience sampling

35
Q

Highest level of measurement
a. ordinal
b. interval
c. nominal
d. ratio
e. AOTA

A

d. ratio

36
Q

An OT asks a patient to complete a pain questionnaire. The questionnaire utilizes an ascending numeric scale ranging from 0 equaling no pain to 10 equaling excruciating pain. This type of measurement scale is BEST described as:
a. nominal
b. ordinal
c. interval
d. ratio

A

b. ordinal

37
Q

A test that has high specificity is able to accurately identify:
a. false negatives
b. true negatives
c. false positives
d. true positives

A

b. true negatives

b: specific
d: sensitive

38
Q

This type of research design happens when one or more of the requirements of a true experimental design is not met:
a. non-experimental: explanatory
b. non-experimental - descriptive
c. quasi-experimental
d. true experimental
e. NOTA

A

c. quasi-experimental

39
Q

A process of statistically combining findings from several studies to obtain summary analysis
a. systematic reviews
b. meta analysis
c. randomized control trial
d. quasi-experimental
e. NOTA

A

b. meta analysis

40
Q

Lowest level of measurement
a. ordinal
b. interval
c. nominal
d. ratio
e. AOTA

A

c. nominal

41
Q

If you are comparing two or more groups of subjects and accept a null hypothesis when group differences really do exist, you have
a. committed a type 1 statistical error
b. committed a type 2 statistical error
c. committed a type random error
d. drawn an appropriate conclusion

A

b. committed a type 2 statistical error

42
Q

A patient uses a self-administered assessment tool as a method to record daily progress. What type of reliability would be the MOST essential using this tool?
a. reliability of parallel forms
b. intratester
c. intertester
d. NOTA

A

b. intratester

43
Q

This type of transformation test transforms interval to ordinal type
a. brush
b. rasch
c. NOTA
d. AOTA

A

a. brush

44
Q

A test that has high sensitivity is able to accurately identify.
a. false negatives
b. false positives
c. true negatives
d. true positives

A

d. true positives

45
Q

A sampling technique in which you send a research survey to a small group of subjects who met your criteria and ask them to share it with others who also meet that criteria is known as:
a. quota sampling
b. random sampling
c. snowball sampling
d. stratified sampling

A

c. snowball sampling

46
Q

A study of the local population was necessary to determine the need for a new fitness center in the area. The therapists performing a study divided the population by sex and selected a random sample from each group. This is an example of what type of random sample?
a. systematic random sample
b. random cluster sample
c. two stage cluster sample
d. stratified random sample

A

d. stratified random sample

47
Q

A comparison of the effects of exercise in water, on land or combined on the rehabilitation outcome of patients with intra-articular ACL reconstruction revealed that less joint effusion was noted after 8 weeks in the water group. An appropriate statistical test to compare the girth measurements of the three groups is:
a. ANOVA
b. T-test
c. spearman rho
d. chi square

A

a. ANOVA

48
Q

Sampling interval
a. simple random sampling
b. systematic sampling
c. convenience sampling
d. NOTA

A

b. systematic sampling

49
Q

A therapy student conducts his research on the effect of 2 weeks of resistance exercise on the students’ attention and concentration level. In this research the independent variable is:
a. students’ attention level
b. resistance exercise
c. concentration level
d. 2 weeks
e. student

A

b. resistance exercise

50
Q

For a research to be a true experimental, which of the following criteria must be met:
a. controlled and experimental group
b. researcher manipulated variable
c. randomization
d. AOTA

A

d. AOTA

51
Q

Which of the following sampling techniques gives the entire general population a chance to be part of the sample
a. purposive sampling
b. stratified random sampling
c. convenience sampling
d. all of these

A

b. stratified random sampling

probability sampling

52
Q

This is also called the predictor variable.
a. dependent variable
b. “target” variable
c. “effect” variable
d. co-variable
e. NOTA

A

e. NOTA

independent

53
Q

A therapist is preparing a poster that will clarify some of the data in an in-service presentation. The poster reflects the mode, median, and mean of a set of data. The data consist of the number 2, 2, 4, 9, and 13. If presented in the above order (mode, median, mean), which of the following is the correct list of answers calculated from the data?
a. 4, 2, 6
b. 6, 2, 4
c. 2, 4, 6
d. 6, 4, 2

A

c. 2, 4, 6

54
Q

Evidence-based practice is the determination of intervention strategies based on:
a. extant research findings
b. research findings, the OT’s own experiences and family priorities
c. an OT’s expert opinion
d. other disciplines’ practice

A

b. research findings, the OT’s own experiences and family priorities

55
Q

A portion of your patient satisfaction survey asks patients to rate the level of importance of various factors when selecting a health care provider. They are asked to use the scaled below to rate their responses.
1 = not important at all
2 = somewhat important
3 = very important
4 = critically important
This type of scale is best described as a:
a. Guttman scale
b. Likert scale
c. both of these
d. none of these

A

b. Likert scale

LECTURE EXAMINATIONS (17 decks)

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