GAIT ANALYSIS Flashcards
What starts when foot contracts the floor and ends with subsequent floor contact on the same foot?
a. gait cycle
b. walking speed
c. cadence
d. normal gait
a. gait cycle
stride length - distance
In fractures of the foot, what are the movements of the foot which the therapist should concentrate on, so as to regain normal function of the foot in gait?
a. adduction and abduction
b. inversion and eversion
c. pronation and supination
d. dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
b. inversion and eversion
The 41-year old pregnant patient during gait analysis shows a waddling gait. The muscle of poor control in this case is the:
a. gluteus medius
b. gluteus maximus
c. sartorius
d. gluteus minimus
a. gluteus medius
The feet slap the ground in this high stepping ataxic gait pattern.
a. tabetic
b. antalgic
c. double step
d. steppage
e. spastic
a. tabetic
high stepping ataxic
1. neurogenic/flaccid - DF - steppage
2. ataxic - tabetic
In this gait pattern, the client abducts the paralyzed limb, swings it around, and brings it forward to place the foot on the ground in front.
a. scissor
b. trendelenburg
c. hemiplegic
d. vaulting
c. hemiplegic
or A.K.A circumducting
Gluteus medius is MOST active during gait at ___
a. swing phase
b. toe off
c. heel strike
d. midstance
d. midstance
to prevent pelvic drop C/L side
Gait patterns between young (20-40 y.o.) and old (60-80 y.o.) people differ in their gait performance as follows, EXCEPT:
a. Stride length is significantly greater in the younger persons.
b. Peak knee extension is significantly less in the older persons.
c. Peak hip flexion exhibit a slightly increase in the older persons.
d. Stride time is shorter for the young than the old.
d. Stride time is shorter for the young than the old.
Stride time is ALMOST EQUAL for the young than the old.
The following are true of the antalgic gait presented by patient with arthritis, EXCEPT:
a. decreased cadence
b. decreased swing phase of unaffected LE
c. decreased stance phase of affected LE
d. increased speed
d. increased speed
decreased speed, decreased steps
When there is faster gait, you would expect all of the following, EXCEPT:
a. decrease in the width of the base support
b. none of these
c. increase in angle of toe out
d. increase in stride length
e. increase in cadence
c. increase in angle of toe out
During the swing phase, deceleration stage, which muscle contracts to slow down knee extension just prior to heel strike, thus permitting the heel to strike quietly in a controlled manner?
a. gluteus medius
b. gluteus maximus
c. hamstring
d. quadriceps
c. hamstring
knee flexion
The following are determinants of gait, except:
a. knee flexion in space
b. trendelenburg
c. medial displacement of the pelvis
d. pelvic rotation
e. knee, ankle, and foot motion
c. medial displacement of the pelvis
should be LATERAL
The patient underwent a right total hip replacement (THR) 4 months ago. The patient is now referred to PT for gait evaluation. The patient demonstrates shortened step length on the left. This patient most likely has:
a. contracted hip flexors on the right
b. weakened hip flexors on the right
c. contracted hip flexors on the left
d. weakened hip flexors on the left
e. weakened quadriceps
a. contracted hip flexors on the right
A patient fractures the right mid tibia in a skiing accident 3 months ago. After cast removal, a severe foot drop was noted. The patient wants to try ES. The PT would set up the functional electrical stimulation to contract the appropriate muscles during:
a. swing phase
b. initial contact
c. early stance at foot flat
d. late stance at toe off
a. swing phase
A scalar quantity that has a magnitude but no direction.
a. velocity
b. speed
c. center of gravity
d. acceleration
b. speed
Which of the following entries is appropriate?
a. step width: 5 to 10 inches
b. step length: 70 to 72 cm
c. angle of toe out: 10 degrees
d. pelvic list: 8cm
e. NOTA
a. step width: 5 to 10 inches
2-4 in or 5-10 cm
This constitutes the 2nd half of single limb support:
a. terminal stance
b. midstance
c. loading response
d. initial contact
e. preswing
a. terminal stance
Which of the following is a correct entry?
a. heel strike: loading response
b. initial contact: heel strike
c. midstance: heel off
d. terminal stance: toe off
e. NOTA
b. initial contact: heel strike
Which of the following changes in the spatial parameters of gait are evident in older adults EXCEPT:
a. decreased step length
b. increased stride width
c. decreased stride length
d. increased time in double support
e. none of the above
d. increased time in double support
d: temporal parameter
To counteract the plantarflexion moment created by the ground reaction force during heel strike, which muscles of the ankle contract?
a. Tibialis posterior
b. Peroneus longus
c. Peroneus tertius
d. Tibialis anterior
e. NOTA
d. Tibialis anterior
Which of the following is/are expected in antalgic gait EXCEPT:
a. shortened stance phase on the painful limb
b. shortened swing phase on the painful limb
c. shortened swing phase on the unaffected limb
d. A and C
e. B and C
b. shortened swing phase on the painful limb
Location of center of mass is lowest at:
a. period of single leg support
b. period of double leg support
c. midstance
d. loading response
e. NOTA
b. period of double leg support
Elderly patients usually demonstrate lengthened period of double limb support because during the double limb support,
a. the COG is higher making the body more stable
b. the COG is higher making the body less table
c. the COG is lower making the body more stable
d. the COG is lower making the body less stable
c. the COG is lower making the body more stable
Subphases of gait based on RLA, EXCEPT:
a. initial contact
b. midstance
c. preswing
d. terminal swing
e. NOTA
e. NOTA
Mature gait pattern is established at age:
a. 3
b. 5
c. 7
d. 8
e. NOTA
c. 7
mature gait pattern STARTS at 3
In evaluating your patient’s gait, you want to determine the strength of the pretibial muscle group. At which portion of the gait is this muscle group most active in preventing foot slap?
a. swing through
b. heel rise
c. toe off
d. heel strike
e. NOTA
d. heel strike
Functional tasks of walking
a. weight acceptance
b. single limb support
c. limb advancement
d. AOTA
d. AOTA
Which of the following correctly describes ground reaction force?
a. It is the force equal in magnitude and same ground.
b. It follows Newton’s second law of motion.
c. Is an example of an internal torque.
d. NOTA
d. NOTA
a: opposite direction
c: external torque
During midstance, center of mass is at its ___ thus making the body ___ stable.
a. lowest, less stable
b. highest, more stable
c. lowest, more stable
d. highest, less stable
d. highest, less stable
Lessens the angle of the femur with the floor and in doing so, it LENGTHENS the femur.
a. pelvic rotation
b. vertical pelvic tilt
c. pelvic tilt
d. pelvic drop
e. NOTA
a. pelvic rotation
During heel strike, GRF passes ___ the hip and creates ___ moment and must be counteracted by the hip extensor muscles.
a. anterior, extensor
b. posterior, extensor
c. anterior, flexion
d. anterior, extension
e. NOTA
c. anterior, flexion
Paralysis of the left gluteus maximus is compensated for during the stance phase by:
a. increased ankle plantarflexion of the affected extremity
b. hyperextension of the spine
c. external tibial torsion at heel strike
d. maintenance of knee flexion of affected extremity
b. hyperextension of the spine
A backward trunk lean results from weakness of the:
a. gluteus maximus on the stance leg
b. quadriceps
c. erector spinae muscles
d. gluteus medius on the stance leg
e. abdominals
a. gluteus maximus on the stance leg
If the ground reaction force during foot flat is located posterior to the knee joint, what external moment is created?
a. knee flexion moment
b. knee extension moment
c. neutral
d. AOTA
a. knee flexion moment
If the ground reaction force during foot flat is located posterior to the knee joint what should be the internal moment to prevent knee buckling?
a. knee flexion moment
b. knee extension moment
c. neutral
d. AOTA
b. knee extension moment
Contributors of internal torque, EXCEPT:
a. gravity
b. muscle
c. ground reaction force
d. A and C
e. B and C
d. A and C
a: ext
b: int
c: ext
Which of the following is true about the swing phase of gait, except:
a. It is also called the open kinematic chain phase of gait.
b. It is called the closed kinematic chain phase of gait.
c. It is about 40% in a walking gait cycle.
d. NOTA
b. It is called the closed kinematic chain phase of gait.
b: stance phase
Movement needed in 1st MTP for gait:
a. 20 DF
b. 30 DF
c. 60 - 75 DF
d. 60 - 75 PF
e. 10 DF
a. 20 DF
Position of knee during initial contact:
a. appears fully extended
b. 20 degrees flexion
c. 60 degrees flexion
d. 40 degrees flexion
a. appears fully extended
You evaluate a patient’s gait and note that the patient has difficulty performing the phase initiating the swing phase of gait. Which of the following muscles would you give emphasis on in your strengthening program?
a. hip adductors
b. gastrocnemius
c. hamstrings
d. tibialis anterior
e. biceps femoris
b. gastrocnemius
for plantarflexor strengthening
The degree of toe out is measured by determining the angle formed by each foot’s line of progression and a line intersecting the center of the heel and the 2nd toe. The degree of toe out decrease as speed of walking increases. During normal walking speed, the normal value is:
a. 3 degrees
b. 7 degrees
c. 10 degrees
d. 12 degrees
e. NOTA
b. 7 degrees
A patient comes for gait evaluation after a tibial nerve injury in the distal thigh. Which of the following gait abnormalities would be expected?
a. increased hip and knee flexion during swing
b. shortened step length of the uninvolved leg
c. forceful knee extension in the terminal swing
d. increased gait symmetry and faster walking
b. shortened step length of the uninvolved leg
PF is affected
Position of ankle during initial contact:
a. 0 DF
b. 5 PF
c. 5 DF
d. 10 DF
a. 0 DF
A person with painful, arthritic hip has the following gait abnormality:
a. internal rotation of the leg at the hip
b. trunk extension at heel strike
c. lateral trunk shift over the affected joint during stance
d. internal rotation of the leg at the hip
c. lateral trunk shift over the affected joint during stance
The calf muscle group is most active at what phase of the gait cycle?
a. late swing phase
b. midswing
c. early swing
d. toe off
d. toe off
Correct location of GRF during initial contact:
a. anterior to ankle
b. posterior to hip
c. posterior to ankle
d. NOTA
c. posterior to ankle
In gait analysis of your patient, what would you expect to happen if the patient has weak gastrocsoleus (calf muscles) and if the patient does not compensate?
a. excessive plantarflexion and uncontrolled tibial advance
b. excessive dorsiflexion and uncontrolled tibial advance
c. no roll off
d. lack of ability to oppose plantarflexion
b. excessive dorsiflexion and uncontrolled tibial advance
During the stance phase, when toes contact at heel strike, the cause may be:
a. painful heel
b. spastic plantarflexion
c. weak dorsiflexors
d. all of these
d. all of these
Gait in the elderly is characterized by:
a. decreased stride width
b. increased cadence
c. decreased step length
d. increased stride length
c. decreased step length
Spastic patients with severe involvement of the adductor longus muscle will exhibit:
a. a tendency to walk with the hips crossed
b. usually have an internally rotated hip during walking
c. both are correct
d. both are incorrect
c. both are correct
An OT is examining a patient for possible LE weakness. PROM is WNL. The patient is seated. When the patient tries to dorsiflex and invert the right foot, the patient is unable to move it through the full ROM and is unable to take any resistance applied by the PT. During the subsequent gait examination, the PT should expect the patient to display which of the following?
a. normal gait with no deviations
b. increased right hip flexion during midswing phase
c. throwing the trunk backward on the right side shortly after heel strike
d. laterally bending towards the right side druing midstance
b. increased right hip flexion during midswing phase
