PVD Flashcards
Serious medical condition that continues to plague immobilized patients
a. DVT
b. varicosities
c. SVT
d. CVI
a. DVT
As initially postulated by Virchow, three factors are of primary importance in the development of venous thrombosis, EXCEPT:
a. abnormalities of blood flow (especially reduced flow, or stasis)
b. abnormalities of blood
c. vessel wall injury
d. NOTA
d. NOTA
Familial form of lymphedema present at birth
a. Milroy’s disease
b. Lymphedema Praecox
c. Lymphedema Tarda
d. AOTA
a. Milroy’s disease
Disease in which there is abnormality in the size or number of lymph nodes
a. lymphadenopathy
b. lymphedema
c. lymphangitis
d. NOTA
a. lymhadenopathy
Artieries carry blood away from the heart. The wayy of an artery consists of tunica interna, tunica media, and tunica externa.
a. first statement true, second statement false
b. first statement false, second false
c. both are true
d. both are false
c. both are true
The ___ are the back alleys and driveways that provide direct access to nearly every cell in the body. Given their location and the thinness of their walls, they are idea suited for their role - exchange of materials.
a. capillaries
b. lymphatics
c. lymph nodes
d. AOTA
a. capillaries
The ABI is used to compare the perfusion pressures in the lower leg with the upper extremity using a BP cuff and doppler probe. This test is commonly used to screen patients for evidence of significant arterial insufficiency.
a. First statement true. Second statement false.
b. First statement false. Second statement is true.
c. Both are true
d. both are false
c. Both are true
To detect the presence of DVT.
a. Homan’s test
b. Thompson test
c. Levine sign
d. NOTA
a. Homan’s test
Clinical findings of arterial insuffiency, EXCEPT:
a. intermittent claudication
b. pulse is absent
c. presence of edema
d. pale of elevation
c. presence of edema
Clinical findings of venous insufficiency, EXCEPT:
a. brown discoloration
b. better with elevation
c. pulse is absent
d. NOTA
c. pulse is absent
General signs and symptoms of AI are peripheral pulses that are slightly reduced to absent, intermittent claudication and pain at rest. Presence of ulceration on the medial aspect of the leg
a. first statement true, second statement false
b. first statement false, second statement true
c. both are true
d. both are false
c. both are true
___ are veins that have become tortuous and dilated because of incompetent (leaky) valves.
a. varicose veins
b. SVT
c. DVT
d. CVI
a. varicose veins
___ is characterized by episodic attacks of vasospasm in response to cold or emotional stress. The fingers and hands are most often affected.
a. ASO
b. TAO
c. Raynauds Syndrome
d. CVI
c. Raynauds Syndrome
All of the following describes the Raynauds Syndrome, EXCEPT:
a. classic episodes of vasospasm cause an intense pallor of the proximal extremity followed in sequence by cyanosis and rubor on rewarming.
b. the fingers and hands are most affected
c. attacks of vasospasm in response to cold or emotional stress
d. nicotine and drugs with a potential for vasoconstriction should be avoided
a. classic episodes of vasospasm cause an intense pallor of the proximal extremity followed in sequence by cyanosis and rubor on rewarming.
The two goals of anticoagulation in DVT are to prevent death from pulmonary embolism. Heparin and Codiene are the two anticoagulant drugs.
a. first statement is true, second statement is false
b. first statement is false, second statement is true
c. both statements are true
d. both statements are false
a. first statement is true, second statement is false
Secondary lymphedema occurs more common. Disrupted lymphatic flow may occur because of infection, trauma, tumor or surgery.
a. first statement is true, second is false
b. first statement is false, second statement is true
c. both statements are true
d. both statements are false
c. both statements are true
Arteries carry blood away from the heart. The wall of an artery consists of tunica interna, tunica media, and tunica externa.
a. first statement true, second statement false
b. first statement false, second statement true
c. both are true
d. both are false
c. both are true
An ABI provides objective data about arterial perfusion of lower limbs. Pressures are obtained using blood pressure cuffs.
a. first statement is true, second statement is false
b. first statement is false, second statement is true
c. both statements are true
d. both statements are false
c. both statements are true
Deep veins are large veins that already follows the structure of an artery. There are 3 types of veins: superficial, perforating and deep vein.
a. first statement true, second statement false
b. first statement false, second statement true
c. both are true
d. both are false
c. both are true
Tunica Media is the inner layer and composed of smooth muscle. This layer constricts and dilates for blood pressure regulation.
a. first statement true, second statement false
b. first statement false, second statement true
c. both are ture
d. both are false
b. first statement false, second statement true
Lymphatics are located in all portions of the body except the CNS and cornea. The function of the lymphatics is to carry fluids, nutrients and proteins.
a. first statement is true, second statement false
b. first statement is false, second statement is true
c. both are true
d. both are false
a. first statement is true, second statement false
The framework of peripheral vascular system is the blood. The function of the blood vessel is to carry blood throughout the body to and from the heart.
a. first statement is true, second statement false
b. first statement false, second statement is true
c. both are true
d. both are false
b. first statement false, second statement is true
A physical therapist is developing an educational program for individuals with lower extremity peripheral neuropathies due to diabetes. Which of the following information is MOST important for the PT to recommend for the prevention of injury to the feet
a. orthoses to support the extremity
b. use of proper footwear
c. moisturizing the skin to prevent dryness
d. exercise parameters
b. use of proper footwear
A person with primary lymphedema secondary to hypoplasia that began later in adolescence is referred for PT. The person recently got married and is wondering if it is likely this condition can be passed on their future children. It would be best to advise this patient that:
a. genetic risk is less than 25% of the cases of primary lymphedema
b. lymphedema is not related to genetic casues
c. secondary lymphedema is more likely to be an inheritable trait
d. there is a strong likelihood that it could be passed on to any future children
a. genetic risk is less than 25% of the cases of primary lymphedema
The initial exercise for patient with primary lymphedema
a. brisk walking
b. step aerobics
c. running no more than 3 miles at a time
d. soccer or other sports that patient enjoys
a. brisk walking
A patient has a 10 year history of PVD affecting the right lower extremity. During auscultation of the popliteal artery, the therapist expect to find
a. a bruit
b. a positive Homan’s sign
c. 4+ pulses
d. intense pain and cramping
b. a positive Homan’s sign
A patient presents with severe claudication which is evident when he walks distances greater than 200 feet. He also exhibits muscle fatigue and cramping of both calf muscles. Upon examination, the therapist finds his skin pale and shiny with some trophic nail changes. The BEST choice of intervention is to:
a. Begin with an interval walking program exercising only to the point of pain.
b. Avoid any exercise stress until he has been on calcium channel blockers for at least 2 weeks.
c. Utilize a walking program of moderate intensity, instructing the patient that some pain is expected and to be tolerated.
d. Utilized non weightbearing exercises such as cycle ergometry.
a. Begin with an interval walking program exercising only to the point of pain.
A 45 year old female is complaining of leg pain in her muscle leg compartment, an ulceration on the medial malleolus but there is no gangrene. The patient is most likely suffering of
a. chronic venous insufficiency
b. superficial vein thrombosis
c. thromboangitis obliterans
d. deep vein thrombosis
a. chronic venous insufficiency
Capacitance vessel
a. vein
b. artery
c. lymphatics
d. NOTA
a. vein
Varicosities is a condition wherein there is a distention of superficial veins with sign and symptoms of aching, heavy legs and appearance of spider veins on the affected legs. The most affected structures are the valves of the veins.
a. first statement is true, second statement is false
b. first statement is false, second statement is true
c. both statements are true
d. both statements are false
c. both statements are true
Most common manifestation of CVI
a. pain
b. ulceration
c. pigmentation
d. dermatitis
b. ulceration
Get the ABI: LE pressure: 40 mmHg. UE: 60 mmHg
a. 0.58
b. 0.38
c. 0.67
d. 0.34
c. 0.67
Pale upon leg elevation is recognized in:
a. arterial insufficiency
b. venous insufficiency
c. lymphatic insufficiency
d. NOTA
a. arterial insufficiency
Normal skin temperature is seen in:
a. arterial insufficiency
b. venous insufficiency
c. lymphatic insufficiency
d. NOTA
b. venous insufficiency
Painful leg is noted in:
a. arterial insufficiency
b. venous insufficiency
c. lymphatic insufficiency
d. NOTA
a. arterial insufficiency
Cold leg is observed in:
a. arterial insufficiency
b. venous insufficiency
c. lymphatic insufficiency
d. NOTA
a. arterial insufficiency
Ulceration on lateral malleolus is seen in:
a. arterial insufficiency
b. venous insufficiency
c. lymphatic insufficiency
d. NOTA
a. arterial insufficiency
Gangrene is seen in
a. arterial insufficiency
b. venous insufficiency
c. lymphatic insufficiency
d. NOTA
a. arterial insufficiency
Edema is present among
a. arterial insufficiency
b. venous insufficiency
c. lymphatic insufficiency
d. NOTA
b. venous insufficiency
Painless leg is typically seen in:
a. arterial insufficiency
b. venous insufficiency
c. lymphatic insufficiency
d. NOTA
b. venous insufficiency
Ulceration on medial aspect of the leg can be seen in
a. arterial insufficiency
b. venous insufficiency
c. lymphatic insufficiency
d. NOTA
b. venous insufficiency
This layer makes up the bulk of the arterial vessel wall
a. Tunica intima
b. Tunica media
c. Tunica adventitia
d. AOTA
b. Tunica media
This layer is thickest in vein
a. Tunica intima
b. Tunica media
c. Tunica adventitia
d. AOTA
c. Tunica adventitia
Most common form of venous disease
a. varicosities
b. SVT
c. chronic venous insufficiency
d. AOTA
c. chronic venous insufficiency
Most common risk factor for Buerger’s disease
a. hyperlipidemia
b. age
c. cigarette smoking
d. NOTA
c. cigarette smoking
To achieve maximum reduction of lymphedema following a mastectomy in the upper extremity by means of massage, it is most important that:
a. Local heal be applied before the massage
b. The upper arm be massaged before the forearm
c. The hand be massaged before the forearm
d. The massage strokes occur in a centrifugal direction
b. The upper arm be massaged before the forearm
Deep vein thrombosis
a. positive for Homan’s Test
b. Clot formation and acute inflammation in the deep veins
c. Medical treatment is anticoagulation therapy
d. AOTA
d. AOTA
The Doppler ultrasound in the LE is placed on the
a. femoral pulse
b. dorsalis pedis pulse
c. popliteal pulse
d. NOTA
b. dorsalis pedis pulse
The Doppler ultrasound in the UE is placed on the
a. brachial pulse
b. subclavian pulse
c. vertebral pulse
d. NOTA
a. brachial pulse
A test which employs sound waves to record arterial blood flow in a limb is called
a. arteriogram
b. venogram
c. phlebography
d. doppler ultrasound
d. doppler ultrasound
