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LECTURE EXAMINATIONS > ELECTROTHERAPY > Flashcards

ELECTROTHERAPY Flashcards

1
Q

In using electrical stimulation on a 16 y.o. male you set up the machine so that when the current flows the direction reverses on regular intervals, sinusoidal pattern of any frequency. This best describes which waveform or current?
a. asymmetrical biphasic pulsatile
b. alternating current
c. galvanic
d. faradic

A

b. alternating current

a: uneven current
c: direct current
d: uneven current

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2
Q

The following statements describe electrical stimulation in the treatment of chronic wound, EXCEPT:
a. ES involves the application of a low-level, therapeutic dose of electricity directly into the wound.
b. ES promotes healing by enhancing tissue proliferation and repair.
c. ES eliminates many microorganisms that might otherwise inhibit or prevent healing.
d. ES is not an alternative treatment for a wound that has shown only slow or minimal improvement.

A

d. ES is not an alternative treatment for a wound that has shown only slow or minimal improvement.

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3
Q

Common iontophoresis agent use for keloids?
a. Zinc sulfate
b. Zinc chloride
c. Potassium iodide
d. none of these
e. Glycopyrrolate

A

c. Potassium iodide

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4
Q

Contraindications for TENS include the ff, EXCEPT:
a. pregnant uterus
b. mucous membranes
c. carotid sinus
d. during labor and delivery
e. NOTA

A

d. during labor and delivery

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5
Q

A patient diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis is referred to PT. The therapist elects to use iontophoresis over the lateral epicondyle. Which type of current would the therapist use to administer the treatment?
a. direct
b. alternating
c. pulsatile
d. interferential

A

a. direct

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6
Q

A current with a frequency greater than 100,000 cycles per second
a. low frequency current
b. high frequency current
c. both
d. neither

A

b. high frequency current

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7
Q

Cathode, EXCEPT:
a. softening of the skin
b. danger of chemical burn
c. marked red coloration
d. hardening effect

A

d. hardening effect

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8
Q

When a muscle is in a state of partial reaction of degeneration, it responds to a tetanizing (faradic) current by:
a. normal reaction
b. diminished response
c. no response
d. black contraction

A

b. diminished response

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9
Q

Adhesive capsulitis, apply iontophoresis with:
a. NaCl
b. CuSO4
c. ZnSO4
d. Vinca alkaloid

A

a. NaCl

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10
Q

Medium frequency currents have a frequency between:
a. 400 and 700 Hz
b. none of these
c. 5000 and 8000 Hz
d. 3000 and 6000 Hz
e. 2000 and 5000 Hz

A

d. 3000 and 6000 Hz

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11
Q

A patient presents with partial and full-thickness burns on the chest and neck region. You are applying TENS during your debriding procedure to modulate pain. Your TENS treatment of choice would be:
a. modulated TENS
b. conventional (high rate) TENS
c. acupuncture-like (low rate) TENS
d. brief intense TENS

A

d. brief intense TENS

to modulate painful procedures

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12
Q

A therapist reviews a technical manual for an electrical stimulation unit. The manual discusses several inherent electrical terms such as voltage, current and resistance. Which of the following terms is commonly used to express current?
a. Ohm
b. Voltage
c. Ampere
d. Coulumb

A

c. Ampere

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13
Q

ES of spastic muscles have been proven to effectively reduce spasticity. The following are parameters to apply, EXCEPT:
a. Waveform symmetrical or asymmetrical biphasic pulses with 200-500 microseconds duration.
b. Stimulus amplitude adjusted to max tolerable contraction.
c. Duty cycle 1:2
d. None of the above

A

c. Duty cycle 1:2

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14
Q

The PT of an elderly patient with a stage III decubitus ulcer on the plantar surface of the right foot is applying electrical stimulation after trying conservative treatment without much success. The BEST choice for electric current in this condition:
a. low voltage biphasic pulsed
b. high voltage monophasic pulsed
c. medium frequency interferential
d. medium frequency burst

A

b. high voltage monophasic pulsed

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15
Q

All of the following apply to reaction of degeneration, EXCEPT:
a. Lesion is the lower motor neuron
b. Stages of reaction of degeneration denotes the severity of the lesion
c. Indicates an organic lesion
d. Stages of reaction of degeneration denote the etiology of lesion

A

d. Stages of reaction of degeneration denote the etiology of lesion

not etiology, severity only

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16
Q

A PT administers iontophoresis to a patient with a lower extremity ulceration in an attempt to promote tissue healing. Which ion would best meet the stated objective?
a. Acetate
b. Magnesium
c. Lidocaine
d. Zinc

A

d. Zinc

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17
Q

Magnetron oscillator is a component of:
a. SWD
b. US
c. Low frequency generator
d. Microwave diathermy

A

d. Microwave diathermy

18
Q

Use of continuous ultrasound at 1.5 watts/cm2 can increase which of the following?
a. Rate of muscle hypertrophy
b. Stiffness of collagen tissue
c. Local metabolic rate
d. The resolution of acute inflammation

A

c. Local metabolic rate

19
Q

Which among the types of IRR will produce the highest temperature?
a. IRR A
b. IRR B
c. IRR C
d. IRR D

A

a. IRR A

shortest wavelength

20
Q

During an ultrasound treatment, the patient flinches and states that a strong ache was felt in the treatment area. To address this patient’s concern, it would be BEST to:
a. decrease the US frequency
b. add more transmission medium
c. decrease US intensity
d. increase the size of the treatment area

A

c. decrease US intensity

21
Q

TENS has been used for pain management over the years. Conventional TENS has the following properties, EXCEPT:
a. uses relatively short pulse duration
b. stimulates large-diameter fibers
c. uses intensities below the motor thresholds
d. uses relatively low pulse frequency
e. stimulates superficial cutaneous nerve fibers

A

d. uses relatively low pulse frequency

high pulse

22
Q

A client uses TENS for pain modulation. Which set of parameters best describes conventional TENS?
a. 200-500 pps, short phase duration, low intensity
b. 150-200 pps, long phase duration, low intensity
c. 50-100, short phase duration, high intensity
d. 50-100, short phase duration, low intensity

A

d. 50-100, short phase duration, low intensity

23
Q

In the reeducation and facilitation of muscles, ES is used as a guide to improve proprioceptive and visual sense of the motions and activities being facilitated. When bipolar electrodes are placed over the large muscles or muscle groups, you select the following parameters, EXCEPT:
a. waveform: symmetrical or asymmetrical biphasic pulses with a duration of 200-500 microseconds
b. stimulus amplitude: amplitude adjusted to maximum tolerable contraction
c. duty cycle: 1:1 cycle to produce rhythmical muscle contractions
d. pulse rate: lesser than 60 pps biphasic pulses to produce tetanic muscle contractions

A

d. pulse rate: lesser than 60 pps biphasic pulses to produce tetanic muscle contractions

24
Q

A patient with vascular problem develops an infected skin ulcer on the left heel. The modality that would NOT be applied for this patient is:
a. low intensity direct current
b. ultraviolet radiation
c. high voltage galvanic stimulation
d. hot moist pack

A

d. hot moist pack

25
Q

Ohm’s law describes the relationship among
a. voltage, resistance and amperage
b. amperage, conductance and resistance
c. conductance, voltage and resistance
d. voltage, conductance and amperage

A

a. voltage, resistance and amperage

26
Q

A PT will apply ES to a patient with venous stasis ulcer on the right lower extremity. The correct type of ES to promote wound healing is:
a. direct
b. biphasic pulsed
c. interferential
d. TENS

A

a. direct

27
Q

The duration of the faradic impulse is approximately
a. variable
b. 0.01 of a second
c. 0.001 of a second
d. 1 mega second

A

c. 0.001 of a second

28
Q

Wavelength of short UV radiation is
a. 700-1500 mu
b. 1600-12,000 mu
c. 0.1-3 mm
d. 180-290 mu

A

d. 180-290 mu

29
Q

The major portion of radiation from long infrared is absorbed in the
a. corium of the skin
b. subcutaneous layers of the skin
c. stratum corneum
d. stratum mucosum

A

c. stratum corneum

30
Q

A natural source of infrared radiation is sunlight. Approximately what percentage of average sunlight is infrared radiation as compared to UV radiation?
a. 40%
b. 50%
c. 60%
d. 70%

A

c. 60%

31
Q

Molted appearance on the skin after repeated heat radiation is called.
a. erythemia dosage
b. erythemia ad lib
c. erythemia ab igne
d. erythemia pigmentation

A

c. erythemia ab igne

32
Q

Complications that may results from excess UV radiation are:
a. impetigo
b. herpes simplex
c. telangiectasia
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

33
Q

The opposition offered by the electrical conductor to the flow of a current is represented by the:
a. Ohm
b. Volt
c. Ampere
d. Farad

A

a. Ohm

34
Q

The duration of a faradic impulse is about
a. 0.001 of a second
b. 1 megasecond
c. 0.01 of a second
d. variable

A

a. 0.001 of a second

35
Q

Which of the following show the best conductivity of all tissues to an electrical current?
a. skin
b. tendon
c. bone
d. muscle

A

d. muscle

CODE: BCTSMBN

36
Q

High frequency (short wave diathermy) wavelength of 22 meters is
a. 27.12 MHz/second
b. 40 MHz/second
c. 13.56 Mhz/second
d. none of the above

A

c. 13.56 Mhz/second

37
Q

In iontophoresis, ions with a positive charge are introduced into the tissues with the positive pole of the direct current. Which of the following ions have a positive charge?
a. Iodine
b. Histamine
c. Salicylic acid
d. Brass

A

b. Histamine

cation

38
Q

The unit of power is represented by the
a. Ohm
b. Volt
c. Ampere
d. Watt

A

d. Watt

39
Q

The conventional tens usage is based on what theory?
a. all or none
b. open gate
c. close gate
d. no gate
e. Colgate

A

c. close gate

40
Q

Dubois-Reymond’s law deals with:
a. Rheobase
b. Chronaxie
c. intensity of stimulus
d. make-break law

A

c. intensity of stimulus

LECTURE EXAMINATIONS (17 decks)

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