PULMO ANA Flashcards
The amount of gas left in the lungs after a normal effortless exhalation at the resting expiratory level:
a. IRV
b. IC
c. VC
d. TLC
e. FRC
e. FRC
Which of the following is not part of the conducting zone of the respiratory system?
a. pharynx
b. alveolar sac
c. trachea
d. terminal bronchioles
e. larynx
b. alveolar sac
Which of the following matches the definition: The volume of air that can be inhaled following exhalation of tidal volume?
a. expiratory reserve volume
b. inspiratory capacity
c. inspiratory reserve volume
d. vital capacity
b. inspiratory capacity
Alveolar ventilation is approximately equal to ___ L/min and pulmonary blood flow is approximately equal to ___ L/min:
a. 4, 5
b. 5, 5
c. 5, 4
d. 3, 4
a. 4, 5
Caliper motion acts on:
a. ribs 1-6
b. ribs 7-10
c. ribs 11-12
d. diaphragm
c. ribs 11-12
Located on nucleus ambiguus and retro-ambiguus:
a. dorsal respiratory group
b. ventral respiratory group
c. pneumotaxic center
d. apneustic center
b. ventral respiratory group
What cell type secretes surfactant?
a. plasma cell
b. type I alveolar cell
c. type II alveolar cell
d. none of these
c. type II alveolar cell
Respiratory zone is also known as:
a. alveoli
b. acinus
c. windpipe
d. trachea
b. acinus
What are the causes of respiratory acidosis?
a. all of these
b. lung collapse
c. respiratory failure
d. pneumonia
a. all of these
Membrane covering the thoracic wall:
a. visceral pleura
b. parietal pleura
c. all of these
d. none of these
b. parietal pleura
Signs and symptoms of metabolic alkalosis, EXCEPT:
a. early tetany
b. muscle twitching
c. mental dullness
d. coma
d. coma
When person is standing, blood flow in the lungs is:
a. equal at the apex and the base
b. highest at the apex owing to the effects of gravity on arterial pressure
c. highest at the base because that is where the difference between the arterial and venous pressure is greatest
d. lowest at the base because that is where alveolar pressure is greater than arterial pressure
c. highest at the base because that is where the difference between the arterial and venous pressure is greatest
A leaflet cartilage that serves as the guardians of the airways?
a. cricoid
b. epiglottis
c. arytenoid
d. cuneiform
b. epiglottis
A physics that governs ventilation?
a. Wolff’s law
b. Kirchoff’s law
c. Boyle’s law
d. Ohm’s law
c. Boyle’s law
Which part of the lungs does 65% of gas exchange happens?
a. alveolar sacs
b. alveolar ducts
c. respiratory bronchioles
d. terminal bronchioles
a. alveolar sacs
Vital capacity is the summation of:
I. inspiratory capacity
II. inspiratory reserve volume
III. expiratory reserve volume
IV. residual volume
a. I and III
b. II and IV
c. all are correct
d. I, II, and III
a. I and III
Gas exchange between alveoli and capillaries:
a. external respiration
b. internal respiration
c. ventilation
d. perfusion
a. external respiration
Causes of respiratory alkalosis, EXCEPT:
a. hypoxemia
b. hyperventilation
c. pain
d. COPD
d. COPD
Most probably resting place of large, aspirated objects:
a. lobar bronchus
b. right terminal bronchioles
c. left main bronchus
d. right main bronchus
d. right main bronchus
All of the following information regarding the thorax is correct, EXCEPT:
a. anterior border: sternum
b. lateral border: ribs
c. posterior border: vertebrae (T1-T12)
d. inferior border: thoracic outlet
d. inferior border: thoracic outlet
Which of the following conditions correlate with the following information:
high pH
high HCO3
neutral BE
neutral pCO2
a. respiratory alkalosis
b. respiratory acidosis
c. metabolic acidosis
d. metabolic alkalosis
d. metabolic alkalosis
The therapist reviews the pulmonary function test. Assuming normal values, which of the following measurement would you expect to be the GREATEST?
a. vital capacity
b. tidal colume
c. residual volume
d. inspiratory reserve volume
a. vital capacity
This abnormal deep breathing is usually associated with metabolic acidosis:
a. Biot’s
b. Kussmaul
c. crackles
d. Cheyne-Stokes
b. Kussmaul
The oral cavity is normally heavy populated by microorganisms that can potentially harm the lungs. Which of the following effectively prevents translocation of these organisms to the lung substance?
a. stiffness of the lung substance
b. mucocilliary excalator
c. swallowing reflex
d. esophageal peristalsis
b. mucocilliary excalator
The most consistent laboratory finding with a patient who has been diagnosed with chronic respiratory acidosis is:
a. elevated arterial blood pH, low PaCO2
b. low arterial blood pH, elevated PaCO2
c. elevated arterial blood pH, elevated PaCO2
d. low arterial blood pH, low PaCO2
b. low arterial blood pH, elevated PaCO2
A physician suspects a patient diagnosed with pulmonary disease is suffering from hypercapnia. Which laboratory test would be most appropriate to confirm the physician’s suspicions?
a. pulmonary function test
b. arterial blood gas analysis
c. pulmonary exercise stress test
d. bronchoscopy
b. arterial blood gas analysis
The lungs are separated into lobes by:
a. oblique fissure
b. horizontal fissure
c. parietal pleura
d. visceral pleura
e. A and B
e. A and B
The alveolar pores of Kohn:
a. openings or pores in the interalveolar septum between two adjacent alveoli
b. serve as passageways for air between to adjacent primary lobules when the respiratory lobule become blocked
c. openings between adjacent alveolar ducts
d. A and B
e. C only
d. A and B
You are examining a patient diagnosed with COPD who suddenly develops dyspnea, anxiety, and becomes disoriented. What is the likely cause of this?
a. respiratory acidosis
b. respiratory alkalosis
c. panic attack
d. orthostatic hypotension
a. respiratory acidosis
Increase in O2 in blood will cause CO2 to be displaced from hemoglobin to promote carbon dioxide transport?
a. Haldane effect
b. Bohr effect
c. synergistic effect
d. none of these
a. Haldane effect
The maximum amount of air that can be contained in the lungs after a maximum inspiration is called:
a. vital capacity
b. total lung capacity
c. functional residual capacity
d. residual volume
b. total lung capacity
The lining mucus of the airways is composed of:
a. an upper non-viscous upper layer and a sticky lower layer
b. a homogenous sticky fluid
c. an upper sticky layer and a lower non-viscous layer
d. a homogenous clear, non-viscous fluid
c. an upper sticky layer and a lower non-viscous layer
ERV + RV:
a. functional residual capacity
b. vital capacity
c. inspiratory capacity
d. total lung capacity
a. functional residual capacity
Stimulates peripheral chemoreceptors, EXCEPT:
a. none of these
b. high PaCO2
c. acidosis
d. low PaO2
a. none of these
Is the maximum amount of air that a person can EXPEL (forced expiration) after maximum forced inspiration?
a. total lung capacity
b. vital capacity
c. inspiratory capacity
d. functional residual capacity
b. vital capacity
The mainstem bronchi bifurcates at the level of:
a. cricoid
b. epiglottis
c. carina
d. none of the above
c. carina
Normal volume of dead space air?
a. 100 ml
b. 200 ml
c. 150 ml
d. 250 ml
c. 150 ml
Which of the following correctly describes the intrapleural space during a normal unforced breathing:
a. varies from negative to positive
b. always negative
c. always positive
d. none of these
b. always negative
Mouth breathing results in this condition in the alveolar air:
a. cleaner
b. dryer
c. warmer
d. lower O2
d. lower O2
Given the ff. values:
pH = 7.33, PaCO2 = 47, HCO3 = 25
The term use is?
a. compensated respiratory acidosis
b. uncompensated respiratory acidosis
c. compensated respiratory alkalosis
d. uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
b. uncompensated respiratory acidosis
A 43-year old female patient has been lying down on the hospital bed for more than 4 months. Her normal, quiet expiration is achieved by contraction of which of the following structures?
a. Elastic tissue in the lungs and thoracic wall
b. Serratus posterior superior
c. Pectoralis minor
d. Serratus anterior
e. Diaphragm
a. Elastic tissue in the lungs and thoracic wall
Residual volume of 2.5 liters:
a. above normal
b. below normal
c. within the normal range
d. none of the above
a. above normal
The following are causes of metabolic acidosis EXCEPT:
a. diarrhea
b. diabetes mellitus
c. vomiting
d. renal failure
c. vomiting
The following are causes of metabolic alkalosis, EXCEPT:
a. pneumonia
b. antacids
c. nasogastric suction
d. diuretics
a. pneumonia
The afferent (sensory) endings for the Hering-Breuer reflex are stretch receptors (mechanoreceptors) in the:
a. aorta and carotid arteries
b. arteries the cerebral circulation
c. lungs
d. heart
e. diaphragm and intercostal muscles
c. lungs
The product of breathing frequency and tidal volume (VT) is:
a. ventilation
b. cardiac output
c. respiration
d. metabolic rate
a. ventilation
RR x TV
Normal ventilation to perfusion ratio:
a. <0.8
b. 0.8
c. 1.0
d. 2.0
b. 0.8
A therapist observes a patient’s breathing as part of a respiratory assessment. Which muscle of respiration is MOST active during forced expiration?
a. diaphragm
b. external intercostals
c. internal intercostals
d. upper trapezius
d. upper trapezius
From which value upwards to 100%, would be considered within normal limits for oxygen saturation?
a. 85%
b. 95%
c. 98%
d. 90%
b. 95%
Commonly called the throat, which serves as a common passageway for food and air?
a. pharynx
b. larynx
c. esophagus
d. thyroid
a. pharynx
