LEG, ANKLE, AND FOOT

Question 1

The dorsalis pedis is a continuation of which artery?
a. anterior tibial artery
b. posterior tibial artery
c. femoral artery
d. popliteal artery
e. peroneal artery

Answer 1

a. anterior tibial artery

Question 2

A therapist palpates proximally along the lateral border of the fifth metatarsal of the client’s foot. Which bone would be palpable as the therapist continues to palpate proximally along the lateral border of the border of the foot?
a. navicular
b. first cuneiform
c. talus
d. cuboid
e. third cuneiform

Answer 2

d. cuboid

Question 3

The following structures pass between the malleoli, EXCEPT:
a. extensor digitorum longus tendon
b. posterior tibial artery and nerve
c. dorsalis pedis artery
d. tibialis anterior tendon
e. none of tehse

Answer 3

b. posterior tibial artery and nerve

Question 4

Normal weight distribution of the metatarsal heads, starting from the first metatarsal head, follows which proportion?
a. 2:1:1:1:1
b. 1:2:1:1:1
c. 1:1:1:1:2
d. 1:1:2:1:1
e. 1:1:1:2:1

Answer 4

a. 2:1:1:1:1

Question 5

The saphenous nerve is a continuation of:
a. sciatic nerve
b. tibial nerve
c. obturator nerve
d. femoral nerve
e. CPN

Answer 5

d. femoral nerve

Question 6

A patient’s examination reveals weakness of flexion and ankle inversion. The therapist suspects vascular compromise associated with this presentation. Palpation at which of the following locations is most likely to reveal diminished arterial pulse in the patient?
a. dorsal aspect of the foot
b. posterior to lateral malleolus
c. posterior to medial malleolus
d. popliteal fossa

Answer 6

c. posterior to medial malleolus

Question 7

Innervation of the interossei muscles of the foot:
a. medial plantar nerve
b. lateral plantar nerve
c. both medial and lateral plantar nerves
d. none of these

Answer 7

b. lateral plantar nerve

Question 8

Resistance to tibialis anterior is given:
a. on plantar aspect of the foot towards PF and inversion
b. on plantar aspect of the foot towards DF and eversion
c. on dorsal aspect of the foot towards PF and inversion
d. on dorsal aspect of the foot towards PF and eversion

Answer 8

d. on dorsal aspect of the foot towards PF and eversion

Question 9

A patient is limited in passive ankle DF when the knee is extended but is not limited when the knee is flexed. The most logical explanation is:
a. the gastrocnemius and soleus are responsible for the limitation
b. the soleus is responsible for the limitation
c. the gastrocnemius is responsible for the limitation
d. the popliteus is responsible for the limitation

Answer 9

c. the gastrocnemius is responsible for the limitation

Question 10

A therapist palpates along the medial aspect of the foot and ankle. she palpates the head of the first metatarsal bone and mid joint. Immediately proximal to this site identifies the first cuneiform. What large bony prominence would you expect to identify next if she continues in a proximal direction?
a. calcaneus
b. talar head
c. medial melleolus
d. navicular

Answer 10

c. medial melleolus

Question 11

A therapist assesses the endfeel while completing passive PF ROM. Which of the following structures does not contribute to the firm endfeel?
I. tension in tibialis anterior
II. tension in the anterior joint capsule
III. tension in the ATFL
IV. tension in the CFL

a. all of these
b. I, II, and III
c. I and III
d. II and IV
e. only IV

Answer 11

e. only IV

III: PF and inv.
IV: DF and inv.

Question 12

These muscles of the leg share a common innervation:
a. tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior
b. tibialis posterior and flexor hallucis longus
c. tibialis anterior and peroneus brevis
d. tibialis anterior and peroneus longus
e. none of these

Answer 12

b. tibialis posterior and flexor hallucis longus

Question 13

A patient is walking on his heels. Possible causes of the deviation include all of the following, EXCEPT:
a. weak gastrocnemius
b. weak tibialis anterior
c. pes calcaneus deformity
d. tight dorsiflexors
e. none of these

Answer 13

b. weak tibialis anterior

b: foot drop

Question 14

The master of “knot of Henry” adjoins what two tendons of the foot?
a. flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus
b. lumbricals and quadratus plantae
c. flexor hallucis brevis and abductor hallucis
d. none of these

Answer 14

a. flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus

“Knot of Henry”: 2nd layer on plantar aspect of the foot

Question 15

Which of the following statements does not apply correctly to the pretibial group?
a. the Tibialis Anterior is the primary dorsiflexor of the ankle.
b. the Tibialis Anterior is also an inverter of the foot and plays an important role during the stance phase of gait
c. the pretibial group also moves the foot and toes in many important open chain motions
d. open chain motions of the foot require little muscle force because the muscles have good leverage
e. none of these

Answer 15

e. none of these

Question 16

The gastrocnemius and soleus belong to the superficial posterior group of the leg. These two muscles together are also called the triceps surae. The following descriptions are correct, EXCEPT:
a. the soleus has been found to contain a higher proportion of slow twitch fibers than the gastrocnemius
b. the soleus is more concerned with stabilization at the ankle and control of postural sway than is the gastrocnemius
c. the gastrocnemius and soleus are both involved in activities requiring forceful plantarflexion of the ankle
c. when the gastrocnemius-soleus group is paralyzed, the individual cannot rise on tiptoes and gait is severely arracted
e. none of these

Answer 16

e. none of these

Question 17

A therapist attempts to palpate the peroneus tertius tendon. To faciliate palpation of the muscle, the therapist should:
a. ask patient to invert and plantarflex the foot
b. ask patient to invert and dorsiflex the foot
c. ask patient to evert and dorsiflex the foot
d. passively evert and platarflex the foot

Answer 17

c. ask patient to evert and dorsiflex the foot

(DF + evert)

Question 18

Motions in the foot take place on certain joints. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
a. forefoot abduction and adduction take place primarily at the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints
b. forefoot abduction and adduction take place primarily at the midtarsal joint (Chopart’s)
c. dorsiflexion and plantarflexion take place between the talus and the tibia and fibula within the ankle mortise
d. subtalar inversion and eversion take place primarily at the talocalcaneal, talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints
e. none of these

Answer 18

e. none of these

Question 19

A patient has anterior compartment syndrome. All of the following are manifestation, EXCEPT:
a. pain on the anterior compartment of the leg
b. compression of the soft tissues innervated by the deep peroneal nerve
c. inability to dorsiflex the foot
d. all of these
e. none of these

Answer 19

e. none of these

Question 20

The following description are correct about the intrinsic muscles of the foot, EXCEPT:
a. four layers of intrinsic muscles are on the plantar aspect of the foot
b. the extensor digitorum brevis andn extensor hallucis brevis are the only intrinsic muscles on the dorsum of the foot
c. the intrinsic muscles are used mainly for stability or balance and for providing support and assistance to the foot during activity
d. the nerve supply of all the intrinsic muscles of the foot come from the lateral plantar nerve, a terminal branch of tibial nerve
e. none of these

Answer 20

d. the nerve supply of all the intrinsic muscles of the foot come from the lateral plantar nerve, a terminal branch of tibial nerve

D: all -> may med. plantar

Question 21

The fibula functions as follows:
I. Gives origin to muscles
II. Acts as lateral “splint” for the ankle joint
III. Acts as pulley for tendons passing behind it at the ankle
IV. Transmits most of the weight from the knee to the ankle

a. I, II, and III
b. all of these
c. I and III
d. II and IV
e. none of these

Answer 21

a. I, II, and III

Question 22

The normal foot inversion to eversion ratio is:
a. 2:1
b. 1:2
c. 3:1
d. 1:1

Answer 22

a. 2:1

Question 23

The peroneus tertius, peroneus brevis and peroneus longus are the primary ankle evertors whether in ankle DF or PR in:
a. open kinematic chain
b. close kinematic chain
c. both of these
d. none of these

Answer 23

a. open kinematic chain

a: primary ankle evertors
b: help in ankle stability

Question 24

Structures found in the second layer on the plantar aspect of the foot:
I. lumbricals
II. FHL tendon
III. quadratus plantae
IV. FDL tendons

a. all of these
b. I, II, and III
c. I and III
d. II and IV
e. only IV

Answer 24

a. all of these

Question 25

Tibiofibular lateral rotation happens in which of the following foot motions?
a. supination, non-weight bearing
b. pronation, non-weight bearing
c. supination, weight bearing
d. pronation, weight bearing

Answer 25

c. supination, weight bearing

Question 26

The calcaneus is a bony component of of the following arches of the foot?
a. medial longitudinal arch
b. lateral longitudinal arch
c. both medial and lateral longitudinal arches
d. transverse arch
e. all of these

Answer 26

c. both medial and lateral longitudinal arches

Question 27

Which of these ligaments stabilize the ankle during eversion to protect against valgus stresses to the talocrural, subtalar, and talonavicular joints?
a. tibionavicular ligament
b. anterior tibiotalar ligament
c. posterior tibiotalar ligament
d. tibiocalcaneal ligament
e. all of these

Answer 27

e. all of these