PEDIATRIC CONDITIONS Flashcards
You have a patient referred to physical therapy with cerebral palsy. Which of the following does not describe what you would typically observe in a cerebral palsy child?
a. The child may be either passive or stiff.
b. The child cannot adjust the body position.
c. The child can hold or bring the head into a normal position.
d. The child may be classified as either spastic or ataxic.
c. The child can hold or bring the head into a normal position.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) can affect all of the following except:
a. pulmonary system
b. intelligence quotient
c. gastrointestinal system
d. cardiac system
e. all of the above may be affected
e. all of the above may be affected
An 8-year-old with a diagnosis of DMD is referred for exercise. All of the following are allowed except:
a. swimming
b. daily walking
c. weight lifting
d. playing wii
c. weight lifting
Ingestion of which of the following vitamins helps reduce the incidence of neural tube defects?
a. Thiamine
b. Pyridoxine
c. Folic acid
d. Vitamin B12
c. Folic acid
The most likely cause of quadriplegic CP is:
a. prematurity (<32 weeks)
b. perinatal stroke
c. hyperbilirubinemia
d. birth asphyxia
d. birth asphyxia
An 18-month-old child with DS and moderate developmental delay is being treated at an Early Intervention Program. Daily training activities that should be considered include:
a. locomotor training using bodyweight support and a motorized treadmill
b. stimulation to postural extensors in sitting using rhythmic stabilization
c. rolling activities, initiating movement with stretch and tracking resistance
d. holding and weight shifting in sitting and standing using tactile and verbal cueing
d. holding and weight shifting in sitting and standing using tactile and verbal cueing
The parents of an 8 year old girl with DS have asked for your advice about recreational activities for their daughter. You could recommend all of the following, EXCEPT:
a. soccer
b. ballet dancing
c. softball
d. horseback riding
d. horseback riding
The therapist is examining a patient with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy. The therapist notes that all of the extremities and the trunk are involved. Further assessment also reveals that the lower extremities and that the right side is more involved than the left. This patient most likely has which classification of cerebral palsy?
a. spastic hemiplegia
b. spastic triplegia
c. spastic quadriplegia
d. spastic diplegia
d. spastic diplegia
c: UE>LE
Circling arm movements, finger spreading, and a poor repertoire of general movements are characteristic of:
a. down syndrome
b. muscular dystrophy
c. spastic cerebral palsy
d. dyskinetic cerebral palsy
d. dyskinetic cerebral palsy
A therapist is scheduled to treat a patient with cerebral palsy who has been classified as a spastic quadriplegic. What type of orthopedic deformity should the therapist expect to see in the patient’s feet?
a. Talipes equinovalgus
b. Talipes equinovarus/clubfoot deformity
c. Hindfoot valgus
d. Abnormally large calcaneous
b. Talipes equinovarus/clubfoot deformity
Gross Motor Function Classification System that requires assistive device due to difficulty walking outdoors and in community is level:
a. Level 1
b. Level 2
c. Level 3
d. Level 4
e. Level 5
c. Level 3
Patients with fascioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy most likely present with:
a. difficulty with household ambulation
b. difficulty with community ambulation
c. congenital heart disease
d. difficulty sipping from straw
d. difficulty sipping from straw
Muscular dystrophy that has congenital heart disease:
a. DMD
b Myotonic muscular dystrophy
c. Limb girdle muscular dystrophy
d. Emergy-Dreifuss
e. Fascioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
d. Emergy-Dreifuss
(+) Cafe au lait spots:
a. Sturge-weber syndrome
b. Von Recklinghausen’s disease
c. Myotonia congenita
d. Dejeerine Landaozy Syndrome
b. Von Recklinghausen’s disease
Presents with “paradoxical myotonia”:
a. Myotonia congenita
b. Paramyotonia congenita
c. Myotonic muscular dystrophy
d. McArdle
b. Paramyotonia congenita
Paradoxical myotonia: worsen c exercise
Myotonia congenita: improve c exercise
Kwashiorkor may be associated with:
a. Folic acid deficiency
b. Iron deficiency
c. Protein deficiency
d. Calcium deficiency
c. Protein deficiency
Components of CP hands
a. wrist extension
b. thumb inside the hand
c. wrist flexion
d. ulnar drift
b. thumb inside the hand
Definite CP:
I. subependymal hemorrhage
II. intraventricular hemorrhage
III. bleeding into ventricles with dilation
IV. bleeding into ventricles without dilation
a. I and II
b. III and IV
c. II and III
d. I and IV
c. II and III
Caudal displacement of brainstem and cerebellum:
a. Thethered-cord syndrome
b. Arnold-Chiari malformation
c. Struge-Weber syndrome
d. Von Recklinghausen’s disease
b. Arnold-Chiari malformation
Duchenne muscular dystrophy usually starts to manifest at the age of:
a. 15-20 years old
b. 3-5 years old
c. 1-3 years old
d. 10-35 years old
b. 3-5 years old
On examination of a 6 year old boy, you noted muscle tightness on both lower extremities. This may include:
a. myotonia
b. weakness
c. fasciculation
d. generalized hypotonia
a. myotonia
A 4 y/o child has myelodysplasia at L5 level. What is the most appropriate orthosis to recommend?
a. RGO
b. KAFO
c. parapodium
d. AFO
d. AFO
A myelomeningocele px affecting S1 level would have what foot deformity?
a. calcaneovarus
b. calcaneovalgus
c. calcaneocavus
d. equinovalgus
c. calcaneocavus
a: L4-L5
Characteristic of persistent posturing in one or more extremities of the trunk, neck and face?
a. dystonia
b. chorea
c. ballismus
d. athetosis
a. dystonia
A 13 y/p female diagnosed with cerebral palsy exhibits slow, involuntary, continuous writhing movements of the upper and lower extremities. This type of motor disturbances best describes:
a. spasticity
b. hypotonia
c. ataxia
d. athetosis
d. athetosis
It is a defect in tissues of ectodermal origin.
a. Sturge Weber
b. Kwashorkor
c. Von Recklinghausen’s disease
d. Marasmus
c. Von Recklinghausen’s disease
When reviewing a patient’s chart, the therapist determines that the patient has a condition in which the cauda equina is in a fluid-filled sac protruding from the back. What form of spina bifida does the patient most likely have?
a. Meningocele
b. Meningomyelocele
c. Spina bifida oculta
d. none of the above
b. Meningomyelocele
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is transmitted through what mode of inheritance?
a. autosomal recessive
b. autosomal dominant
c. x-linked recessive
d. x linked dominant
c. x-linked recessive
You noted pseudohypertrophy of calf mm on px with DMD, this is due to:
a. hypertrophy of calf muscle
b. fatty and fibrotic replacement of mm
c. thinning of bones
d. edema of lower leg
b. fatty and fibrotic replacement of mm
Trisomy 13
a. Patau
b. Kinefelter
c. Edward
d. Mongolism
e. Turner
a. Patau
Most common cause of Cerebral Palsy
a. infection
b. trauma
c. idiopathic
d. prematurity
d. prematurity
A PT completed an examination on a 5 y/o boy diagnosed with DMD. The referral indicates that the px was diagnosed with the disease that year. Assuming normal progression which of the following findings would be the first to occur:
a. distal mm weakness
b. proximal mm weakness
c. impaired respiratory function
d. inability to perform ADL
b. proximal mm weakness
Which of the following types of CP has a good prognosis?
a. athetoid
b. spastic hemiplegic
c. spastic quadriplegic
d. rigid
b. spastic hemiplegic
The most common orthopaedic complication seen in Down’s syndrome is:
a. kyphosis
b. scoliosis
c. microcephaly
d. atlantoaxial instability
d. atlantoaxial instability
Decrease in muscle phosporilase
a. HERS
b. TARUI
c. MCARDLE
d. ANDERSEN
c. MCARDLE
This syndrome is the result of a deletion of material from the short arm of chromosome 5, which causes many problems, including growth retardation, microcephaly and severe mental retardation:
a. Cri-du-chat syndrome
b. Klinefelter syndrome
c. Down syndrome
d. Prader Willi syndrome
a. Cri-du-chat syndrome
A physical therapist is evaluating a patient with muscular dystrophy. The patient seems to “waddle” when she walks. She rolls the right hip forward when advancing the right lower extremity. Which of the following gait patterns is the patient demonstrating?
a. Gluteus maximus gait
b. Dystrophic gait
c. Arthrogenic gait
d. Antalgic gait
b. Dystrophic gait
Pompe is characterized by:
a. decrease in brancher enzyme
b. decrease in acid maltese
c. decrease in muscle phosporilase
d. decrease glycogen phophatase
b. decrease in acid maltese
This is not a prominent feature of Becker Muscular Dystrophy:
a. a more benign course
b. mental retardation
c. progression course
d. muscle weakness
b. mental retardation
Upon delivery of the child, you noted that the limbs of the baby is large and seems to be hypertrophied but weakness is noted. The disease is called:
a. Myotonia congenita
b. Paramyotonia congenita
c. McArdle’s disease
d. Nemaline myopathy
a. Myotonia congenita
Defined as a huge port wine, facial seizures and MR?
a. Struge Weber
b. Kwashorkor
c. Von Recklinghausen’s disease
d. Amaurosis Fugax
a. Struge Weber
This is due to incomplete closure of vertebral aches with herniation of meninges and spinal cord with neurologic deficit?
a. Spina bifida oculta
b. Meningocele
c. Myelomeningocele
d. Myeloschisis
c. Myelomeningocele
The nutritional disorder Marasmus is characterized by:
a. protruding abdomen
b. pitting edema
c. diffuse depigmentation of skin
d. emaciation and old man facies
d. emaciation and old man facies
The therapist presents an educational seminar on cerebral palsy, where he discusses its numerous etiologies. The following are congenital etiology of CP, except:
a. meningitis
b. syphilis
c. rubella
d. toxoplasmosis
a. meningitis
Vertical dissection of spinal cord due to congenital bony spurs:
a. hydromyelia
b. myelocystocele
c. lipomeningocele
d. diastomyelia
d. Diastomyelia
What is the most common contracture in CP?
a. ABIR
b. ADIR
c. ABER
d. ADER
b. ADIR
A patient comes to the therapist because she has noted a pronounced tuft of hair on the center of her spinal column in the lumbar area. The therapist notes no loss in motor or sensory function. This patient most likely has what form of spina bifida?
a. Meningocele
b. Meningomyelocele
c. Spina bifida occulta
d. Syringomyelocele
c. Spina bifida occulta
A 5 year old child with a T10 spina bifida is now ready for ambulation training having good sitting balance. The best orthosis for his is:
a. Parapodium
b. KAFO with walker
c. AFO with walker
d. HKAFO
a. Parapodium
Gross Motor Function Classification System that requires wheelchair for household mobility is level:
a. Level 1
b. Level 2
c. Level 3
d. Level 4
e. Level 5
d. Level 4
“Gowers’ maneuver” is diagnostic of?
a. DMD
b. Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy
c. Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy
d. Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy
a. DMD
