Reproductive System: Male & Female

Question 1

Sex differentiation can be viewed in 3 process, what are they?

Answer 1

1. Chromosomal Sex
2. Gonadal Sex
3. Phenotypic Sex

Question 2

In Gonadal Sex, sex is determined by _____________.

Answer 2

the presence of SRY gene

Question 3

What is needed in order to make TDF (testis determining factor)?

Answer 3

SRY gene

Question 4

In phenotypic sex, sex is determined by ______________.

Answer 4

the presence of masculinizing hormones.

Question 5

It was observed that there is no mullerian inhibiting factor present during the fetus’ development. What is the likely sex of the fetus?

Answer 5

female

Question 6

What happens when a person has androgen insensitivity syndrome?

Answer 6

The body is resistant to androgen.

Genotype=XY
- no internal genitalia (male or female); meaning no sperm or eggs
- feminized external genitalia

Question 6

A patient’s testosterone is not converted to DHT. What is their condition and describe what may have happened as a result.

Answer 6

5a reductase deficiency

Genotype = XY; has a male internal genitalia but female external genitalia

Question 7

What is the function the male reproductive physiological anatomy?

Answer 7

• Formation of sperm (spermatogenesis)
• Performance of male sexual act
• Regulation of male reproductive function by the various hormones

Question 7

What happens during a 21-hydroxylase deficiency?

Answer 7

Defected androgen receptor. no 21-hydroxylase = no enzyme to make hormones

Genotype = XX
internal genitalia = female internal rep. tract
external genitalia = female but some parts resemble a male’s (e.g. labia looks like balls)

Question 8

What is the scrotum?

Answer 8

sac of loose skin containing the testes

Question 9

What are testes?

Answer 9

paired oval glands that produce sperm and testosterone

Question 10

What is the tunica vaginalis?

Answer 10

protective membrane that covers testes

Question 11

What is the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 11

carry sperm out of the testes, location of meiosis

Question 12

What are efferent ducts?

Answer 12

carries sperm to epididymis

Question 13

What is epididymis for?

Answer 13

stores sperm; it has a lot of inhibitory proteins

Question 14

What is Vas Deferens?

Answer 14

transport sperm from epididymis to urethra

Question 15

What is spermatic cord for?

Answer 15

blood supply, innervation, and temperature regulation

Question 16

What does the cremaster muscle do?

Answer 16

raises and lowers testes. contracts testes during boombaclat so that it doesn’t get damaged.

Question 16

What is the importance of the seminal vesicle?

Answer 16

makes most of the semen

Question 17

What is the pathway of sperm?

Answer 17

“SEVEn UP”

1. scrotum
2. epididymis
3. vas deferens
4. ejaculatory duct
5. urethra
6. Penis

Question 18

Where does sperm mature and gain most motility and ability to fertilize an egg?

Answer 18

epididymis

Question 19

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

Answer 19

seminiferous tubules

Question 20

What are the main steps when making sperm?

Answer 20

1. spermatocytogenesis
2. meiosis I and II
3. Spermiogenesis
4. Spermination

Question 21

What stem cells in the testes undergo mitosis?

Answer 21

Type A spermatogonia

Question 22

What cells eventually become the spermatozoa and become primary spermatocytes for meiosis?

Answer 22

Type B spermatogonia

Question 23

What happens during Meiosis I?

Answer 23

Primary Spermatocyte → 2 Secondary spermatocyte (haploid - contains 23 chromosomes)

Question 24

What happens in meiosis II?

Answer 24

2 Secondary Spermatocyte → four (4) haploid
spermatid