Reproductive System: Male & Female Flashcards
Sex differentiation can be viewed in 3 process, what are they?
- Chromosomal Sex
- Gonadal Sex
- Phenotypic Sex
In Gonadal Sex, sex is determined by _____________.
the presence of SRY gene
What is needed in order to make TDF (testis determining factor)?
SRY gene
In phenotypic sex, sex is determined by ______________.
the presence of masculinizing hormones.
It was observed that there is no mullerian inhibiting factor present during the fetus’ development. What is the likely sex of the fetus?
female
What happens when a person has androgen insensitivity syndrome?
The body is resistant to androgen.
Genotype=XY
- no internal genitalia (male or female); meaning no sperm or eggs
- feminized external genitalia
A patient’s testosterone is not converted to DHT. What is their condition and describe what may have happened as a result.
5a reductase deficiency
Genotype = XY; has a male internal genitalia but female external genitalia
What is the function the male reproductive physiological anatomy?
- Formation of sperm (spermatogenesis)
- Performance of male sexual act
- Regulation of male reproductive function by the various hormones
What happens during a 21-hydroxylase deficiency?
Defected androgen receptor. no 21-hydroxylase = no enzyme to make hormones
Genotype = XX
internal genitalia = female internal rep. tract
external genitalia = female but some parts resemble a male’s (e.g. labia looks like balls)
What is the scrotum?
sac of loose skin containing the testes
What are testes?
paired oval glands that produce sperm and testosterone
What is the tunica vaginalis?
protective membrane that covers testes
What is the seminiferous tubules?
carry sperm out of the testes, location of meiosis
What are efferent ducts?
carries sperm to epididymis
What is epididymis for?
stores sperm; it has a lot of inhibitory proteins
What is Vas Deferens?
transport sperm from epididymis to urethra
What is spermatic cord for?
blood supply, innervation, and temperature regulation
What does the cremaster muscle do?
raises and lowers testes. contracts testes during boombaclat so that it doesn’t get damaged.
What is the importance of the seminal vesicle?
makes most of the semen
What is the pathway of sperm?
“SEVEn UP”
- scrotum
- epididymis
- vas deferens
- ejaculatory duct
- urethra
- Penis
Where does sperm mature and gain most motility and ability to fertilize an egg?
epididymis
Where does spermatogenesis occur?
seminiferous tubules
What are the main steps when making sperm?
- spermatocytogenesis
- meiosis I and II
- Spermiogenesis
- Spermination
What stem cells in the testes undergo mitosis?
Type A spermatogonia
What cells eventually become the spermatozoa and become primary spermatocytes for meiosis?
Type B spermatogonia
What happens during Meiosis I?
Primary Spermatocyte → 2 Secondary spermatocyte (haploid - contains 23 chromosomes)
What happens in meiosis II?
2 Secondary Spermatocyte → four (4) haploid
spermatid
