Endocrine System

Question 1

What do A cells in the Islets of Langerhans secrete?

Answer 1

glucagon

Question 2

What do B cells in the Islets of Langerhans secrete?

Answer 2

insulin

Question 3

What do D cells in the Islets of Langerhans secrete?

Answer 3

somatostatin

Question 4

What do F cells in the Islets of Langerhans secrete?

Answer 4

pancreatic polypeptide

Question 5

Which kind of cell is most abundant in the Islet of Langerhans?

Answer 5

Insulin-secreting B cells

Question 6

Insulin is secreted when ___________.

Answer 6

nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are abundant

Question 7

Insulin promotes what?

Answer 7

Storage of glucose as glycogen in liver and skeletal muscle + fat in adipose

Question 8

In general, insulin stimulates all processes for storage and inhibits all processes that ________ chemicals.

Answer 8

break down

Question 9

No matter how high the extracellular glucose is, it will ___________ the cell if insulin is absent.

Answer 9

not enter

Question 10

What is the major stimuli for insulin secretion?

Answer 10

glucose

Question 11

What is also known as the “hyperglycemic hormone”?

Answer 11

glucagon

Question 12

What is the function of glucagon?

Answer 12

opposes effects of insulin

Question 13

What happens to the levels of glucagon when glucose levels decline?

Answer 13

increases glucagon

Question 14

Insulin keeps blood sugar levels _______; and glucagon keeps blood sugar levels ______.

Answer 14

low; high

Question 15

What are the two kinds of adrenal glands?

Answer 15

1. outer yellowish cortex
2. dark inner medulla

Question 16

Which of the two adrenal glands is steroid secretinh?

Answer 16

outer yellowish cortex

Question 16

Which of the 2 adrenal glands is controlled by the anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 16

outer yellowish cortex

Question 16

What does the dark inner medulla adrenal gland secrete?

Answer 16

catecholamine

Question 16

Which of the 2 adrenal gland is neuroectoderm?

Answer 16

dark inner medulla

Question 17

What are the 3 layers of the outer yellowish cortex adrenal gland?

Answer 17

1. zona glomerulosa
2. zona fasiculata
3. zona reticularis (innermost)

Question 18

What does the zona reticularis of the outer yellowish cortex (adrenal gland) produce?

Answer 18

androgens

Question 19

What cells of the dark inner medulla (adrenal gland) produces catecholamines?

Answer 19

chromaffin cells

Question 20

What is he main mineralocorticoid of the body? (hint: mineralocorticoid’s function is maintaining fluid balance)

Answer 20

aldosterone

Question 21

What is the main glucocorticoid of the body? (hint: glucocorticoid is mainly for metabolism, immune and stress response)

Answer 21

cortisol

Question 22

The zona glomerulosa is under the control of which system?

Answer 22

renin-angiotensin system

Question 23

Zona fasciculata and zona reticularis are under the control of which hormone?

Answer 23

ACTH from the anterior pituitary

Question 24

The adrenal medulla produces what kinds of hormone?

Answer 24

stress hormone

Question 25

What is the pre-curser and backbone of steroid hormones?

Answer 25

cholesterol

Question 26

A higher concentration of ACTH = _________ glucocorticoid secretion rate.

Answer 26

higher

Question 27

For muscles, what is the effect of cortisol?

Answer 27

promotes the release of amino acids for glucogenesis (glucose for stress)

Question 28

What is the effect of cortisol on bones?

Answer 28

stimulates osteichthyes to degrade bone cell growth

Question 29

What is the effect of the absence of cortisol in CVS function?

Answer 29

norepinephrine and epinephrine can’t vasoconstrict

Question 30

The adrenal medulla is stimulated by preganglionic fibers via what?

Answer 30

splanchnic nerves