Reproductive System Disorders Flashcards
Total abdominal hysterectomy
Preferred when there is a need to explore the pelvic cavity. Removal of the entire uterus and cervix, but leaves the fallopian tubes and ovaries.
Bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy
Removal of both fallopian tubes and ovaries. Removal of ovaries induces menopause.
Endometriosis
Condition where endometrial tissue appears outside the endometrial cavity. Ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus. Symptoms are acute during menstruation and subside afterwards. Common drugs are Danazol (Danocrine) and Leuprolide (Lupron).
Arm exercises for modified radical mastectomy
Wall climb. Elbow pull in. Back scratch. Rope pull. Hair combing.
Signs and symptoms of Toxic Shock Syndrome
Acute bacterial infection caused by Staph aureus. Flu symptoms, fever, vomiting, dizziness, headache, diarrhea, myalgia, hypotension, sore throat, red macular palmar, diffuse rash, desquamation of skin, decreased urinary output, elevated BUN, disorientation, dehydration, pulmonary edema, and inflammation of mucous membranes.
Correct way to do testicular self exam
Begin at puberty. Perform monthly. After a warm shower. Check color, contour, and skin breaks. Palpate with thumb and index finger. Should be smooth and egg shaped. Firm to touch. Epididymis should feel like soft tube.
How to contract epididymisis?
Infection of the excretory duct of the testicle. Common infection caused by S. aureus, E. coli, N. gonorrhoeae, and streptococci.
Tubal insufflation (Rubin’s test)
Transuterine insufflation of the fallopian tubes with CO2. Evaluates patency of tubes, as gas enters abdominal cavity, and auscultated. May complain of shoulder pain from diaphragmatic irritation due to CO2 presence. If tubes are occluded, no pain is reported, as no gas entered the abdominal cavity.
Familiar w/ pap smear, time frame recommend to have it
Within 3 years of becoming sexually active. No later than 21. Regular pap test every year or thin prep pap ever 2 years. Women over 30 with good results could do every 2-3 years. Women over 70 with 10 years of normal results can stop all together.
Most common cause of female infertility
Tubal insufficiency, ovarian, and uterine conditions such as endometriosis or congenital defects.
Genital herpes
Infectious viral disease characterized by recurrent episodes of acute, painful, erythematous blisters on the genitalia lasting up to 10 days. Fever, malaise, myalgia, dysuria, and leukorrhea can occur. Treated with oral acyclovir. IV administration is reserved for life-threatening infections. Valacyclovir (Valtrex) and famciclovir (Famvir) purine analogs inhibit herpatic viral replication.
Major complications of PID
Sterility and adhesions, purulent vaginal exudate. Dysmenorrhea and vulvar pruritis.
Having a mammogram is most useful method of Dx breast cancer, why?
Differentiate cyst from lesions and detect small tumors before they can be palpated by a physician.
Correct way to do a BSE
After shower. One week after menses. After menopause, same time every month. Palpate the whole breast up to the axially lymph node.
Hydrocele
Accumulation of fluid between the membranes covering the testicles and the membrane enclosing the testicles. Scrotum enlarges as fluid accumulates. Scrotal transillumination. Fluid aspiration or surgical removal of the sac may be indicated.
Things considered abnormal when doing BSE
Change in skin color, feelings of tenderness in breasts, puckering or dimpling of tissue, nipple discharge, retraction of the nipple, and axillary tenderness.
The most common std
Chlamydia
Why is cervical cancer more common in women that smoke?
*use common sense
Purpose of the male ductal system
Stores and releases semen during ejaculation.
Purpose of accessory glands in males
Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland.
Pt dx w/ fibrotic cysts in breast, specific thing to eliminate from diet
Methylxanthines (coffee, tea, soda).
Amenorrhea
The absence of menstrual flow. Normal before puberty, after menopause, and during pregnancy or lactation. Frequent vigorous exercise, depression, anorexia or bulimia.
Signs and symptoms of Chlamydia
White or clear exudate, burning or pruritis around the urethral meatus, urinary frequency, mild dysuria. Vaginal pruritis or burning, dull pelvic pain, fever, vaginal discharge, irregular bleeding, PID.
Why treat syphilis with injectable penicillin rather than oral?
Injectable penicillin allows for greater concentration of the drug to delivered to all body tissues.
Rectovaginal fistula
Opening between rectum and vagina.
Reasons for prolapsed uterus
OB trauma, overstretching of the uterine muscle support system, multiple births, coughing, straining, the aging process, and lifting heavy objects.
Dilation and curettage
Scrape material from the wall of a cavity to remove tumor for microscopic study. Used to obtain tissue for biopsy, correct cervical stricture, and treat dysmenorrhea. General anesthesia is used, cervix dilated, and inside of uterus scraped with a curette. Vaginal packing is used to absorb drainage.
Body position for vaginal hysterectomy
Lithotomy
Vaginal condition caused by E. coli
Vaginitis
Drug category would be used for candida
Nystatin and amphotericin B
Med for chlamydia and for trichamonis
Tetracycline, doxycycline, azithromycin, ofloxacin.
Meds to relieve symptoms of menapouse
Hormone replacement therapy, estrogen, progestin.
Dx test for endometriosis
Laproscopy with biopsy of lesion. Also ultrasound and pelvic exams are performed.
Dx test for growths on cervix and vagina
Cancer of the cervix is usually a squamous cell carcinoma. Diagnostic tests are pap smear, physical exam, colposcopy and cervical biopsy, CT scan, radiographic exam, cystoscopy.