Pediatrics 1

Question 1

Piaget’s Four Stages of Cognitive Development

Answer 1

Sensorimotor.

Preoperational Thought.

Concrete Operational Thought.

Formal Operational Thought.

Question 2

Piaget’s Sensorimotor

Answer 2

0-2 Years.

Uses senses to understand the world. Begins to interact with environment. Develops thinking and goal-directed behavior.

Question 3

Piaget’s Preoperational Thought

Answer 3

2-6 Years.

Develops egocentric thinking. Uses trial and error. Conceptualizes present time only. Logic, intuitive thinking. Imagination.

Question 4

Piaget’s Concrete Operational Thought

Answer 4

7-11 Years.

Understands logical operations. Has realistic views. Improved memory. Multitasking. Cause-and-effect. Conversational.

Question 5

Piaget’s Formal Operational Thought

Answer 5

12+ Years.

Systematic, scientific problem solving. Recognizes past, present, and future. Abstract and hypothetical concepts. Ethical, political, and social issues.

Question 6

The father of pediatrics and founder of “milk stations.”

Answer 6

Abraham Jacobi

Question 7

Founded the Henry Street Settlement in New York City, and consequently Public Health and Community Nursing.

Answer 7

Lillian Wald

Question 8

Purpose of pediatric nursing.

Answer 8

Promoting the highest possible state of health in children.

Question 9

A 4-year old child is being hospitalized for the first time. His parents are apprehensive about the unknown. The nurse will best address their concerns by.

Answer 9

Beginning to provide anticipatory guidance explanations and preparation on first contact.

Question 10

The single most important influence on growth in the child is thought to be.

Answer 10

Nutrition

Question 11

The most effective method to prepare a child for a pediatric procedure is the.

Answer 11

Sensation-based approach

Question 12

A 16-month old child was admitted to the pediatric floor following surgery for a cleft palate. Why would an elbow SRD be used?

Answer 12

To prevent injury to the operative area.

Question 13

It is essential to know that in pediatric medication administration:

Answer 13

BSA is the most reliable method of calculating children’s medication.

Question 14

A family-centered approach to care is especially important when dealing with which group?

Answer 14

Special needs children.

Question 15

An 18-month old is hospitalized for surgery in the morning. The most helpful intervention to relieve the child’s stress associated with hospitalization is:

Answer 15

Encouraging parental presence and rooming in.

Question 16

Location of IM injections for children under 2 years old.

Answer 16

Vastus lateralis muscle

Ventrogluteal muscle

Deltoid muscle

Question 17

The most common asymmetry with lateral curvature of the spine in the adolescent is known as:

Answer 17

Scoliosis

Question 18

Concern for a 6-month old that is not crawling.

Answer 18

Babies develop at their own rate, it is not a concern that a 6-month old is not crawling.

Question 19

An accurate apical heart rate measurement is possible to assess at which intercostal space?

Answer 19

5th (2nd?)

Question 20

A new patient is 4 years old. On entering the patient’s room for the first time, the nurse will:

Answer 20

Be careful not to use words that might be misinterpreted by the child, such as “take your temperature.”

Question 21

A 5-month old has had abdominal surgery. With regard to pain management, the nurse will consider that:

Answer 21

The infant may be comforted by sucking on a pacifier, being swaddled, or being rocked.

Question 22

When can solid foods be given?

Answer 22

Toddlers can be given solid foods at 4-6 months.

Question 23

The most accurate method to measure urine output in an infant is to:

Answer 23

Weight the diaper before and after voiding.

Question 24

To examine a 6-month old’s ear the nurse pulls the ear:

Answer 24

Down and back.

Question 25

Dental care counseling for 6-month old:

Answer 25

Cleanse oral cavity by wiping teeth with damp washcloth. Avoid toothpaste, especially if fluoridated. Initiate fluoride supplement at 6 months if water supply isn't.

Question 26

An important factor to consider about pediatric obesity:

Answer 26

Being overweight or obese sometimes results in major physical or psychological health problems.

Question 27

Patient information for 15 year old that uses chewing tobacco:

Answer 27

Greater risk for lip, gum, and throat cancer.

Question 28

For infants less than 20 pounds, the car safety seat should face the ____ of the car.

Answer 28

Rear

Question 29

It is acceptable for children weighing more than ____ pounds to ride in a booster seat facing the front of the car.

Answer 29

40 pounds

Question 30

Parents of a 10-month old concerned about motor vehicle safety receive counseling them that:

Answer 30

Infants from birth to 20 pounds need to be in a rear facing safety seat.

Question 31

Advice on sporting participation for a 6 year old school girl:

Answer 31

Sport participation in this age group should focus more on enjoyment rather than competition.

Question 32

HPV vaccines are recommended for girls between what age?

Answer 32

11 to 26 years

Question 33

HPV is the leading cause of:

Answer 33

Cervical cancer

Question 34

According to Piaget, thinking during the first few months is primarily based on:

Answer 34

Reflex behavior

Question 35

First socializing agent for the child is:

Answer 35

Family

Question 36

Erikson's Task for 4 year old.

Answer 36

Initiative vs. Guilt

Question 37

Most common play for ages 4 - 5.

Answer 37

Make-believe

Question 38

Describe growth during school-ages period:

Answer 38

Slow and consistent

Question 39

8 year old loves to do craft projects. Her need for praise and encouragement for her effort demonstrates her development of Erikson's task of:

Answer 39

Industry

Question 40

Peak physical strength and endurance occurs during:

Answer 40

Early adulthood

Question 41

Principle that describes the direction of growth beginning at the head and moving to the lower extremities:

Answer 41

Cephalocaudal

Question 42

Cognitive approach to understanding development is explained by whose theory?

Answer 42

Piaget's

Question 43

According to Erikson, when an infant is cuddled, fed, and loved, the infant will develop:

Answer 43

Trust

Question 44

Type of play for a typical preschool child:

Answer 44

Imaginary play

Question 45

Piaget's stage of child between 7 and 11 years.

Answer 45

Stage of Concrete Operation

Question 46

In female, onset of postpuberty is marked by:

Answer 46

Menarche

Question 47

Erikson's task of young adult:

Answer 47

Identity vs. Confusion

Question 48

Health promoting behaviors the nurse will recommend:

Answer 48

Regular medical check ups. Appropriate prescription use. Eating low-cholesterol foods.

Question 49

A 2-year old's negative behavior is normal for her age, helping to meet her need for:

Answer 49

Independence

Question 50

Period of cognitive development where the child's knowledge comes about through sensory impressions:

Answer 50

Sensorimotor

Question 51

Describe growth during school-aged period:

Answer 51

Steady and slow

Question 52

Typical behavior for toddlers include:

Answer 52

Ritualistic behavior

Question 53

Developmental task commonly accomplished by the fourth-month of life:

Answer 53

Holding head up at 90-degree angle.

Question 54

Why should nighttime bottles be avoided, especially milk and juices?

Answer 54

Promote dental carries.

Question 55

Amblyopia in preschool children may lead to:

Answer 55

Blindness

Question 56

Most preventable cause of death in adolescents? (203)

Answer 56

Accidents

Question 57

Laws and guidelines for safety seats: (930)

Answer 57

0-20 lbs: Rear facing. 20-40 lbs: Front facing. 40+ lbs: Booster seat

Question 58

Leading cause for fatal injury in children: (195)

Answer 58

Motor vehicle accidents

Question 59

Abraham Jacobi's contribution: (941)

Answer 59

Father of pediatrics, found of milk stations.

Question 60

Lillian Wald's contribution: (941)

Answer 60

Founded public health and community nursing.

Question 61

The correct way to measure head circumference on a child: (948)

Answer 61

Above the eyebrows and pinna, behind the occiput on the back of skull while child is supine.

Question 62

Why would you delay taking a temperature for a child that is crying? (949)

Answer 62

Their temperatures will vary wildly, and may show a dramatic increase.

Question 63

How do you take respirations on an infant? How do they breathe differently from adults? (950)

Answer 63

They are obligate mouth breathers. They are diaphragmatic (abdominal) breathers and their rates are erratic. Count for a full minute.

Question 64

Effects of opiates on a 3-year old: (962)

Answer 64

Fear of respiratory depression.

Question 65

Nurse's reaction to a child that accidentally wets the bed: (194)

Answer 65

Praise successes. Ignore accidents.

Question 66

Preferred injection sites for IM: (974)

Answer 66

Infant: vastus lateralis Toddler: vastus lateralis School age: deltoid

Question 67

Normal respiratory rate of an infant: (189)

Answer 67

30 breaths per minute. Irregular and diaphragmatic.

Question 68

Correct way to measure urine output on an infant: (968)

Answer 68

Weigh the diaper before and after voiding. Suprapubic aspiration, collection bag, or catheter.

Question 69

Explaining the temper tantrum of an 18-month old throwing food: (194)

Answer 69

Frustration, inability to communicate feelings, lack of impulse control, struggling to be independent.

Question 70

When can an infant receive solid food? (955)

Answer 70

6 months

Question 71

Erik Erikson's developmental stage for ages 1-3: (187)

Answer 71

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt. Seeking independence.

Question 72

Leading cause of death in infants and small children: (192)

Answer 72

Accidents

Question 73

Height and weight expected for a 1 year old: (189)

Answer 73

30 inches. 21.5 pounds.

Question 74

When does the second stage of rapid physical growth occur? (201)

Answer 74

Adolescence (12-19 yo)

Question 75

How much sleep should a toddler receive? (195)

Answer 75

12 hours per night + daytime nap

Question 76

How do you relieve anxiety in an adolescent preparing for surgery? (960)

Answer 76

Allow them to wear personal clothes. Inform them of the procedure ahead of time. Introduce to equipment and rooms.

Question 77

In what order do you take infant vital signs? (949)

Answer 77

Respirations, pulse, temperature, BP

Question 78

What age group views hospitalization as a threat to their independence? (961)

Answer 78

Adolescents

Question 79

What kinds of things would suddenly trigger 'sucking thumbs?' (960)

Answer 79

Regression caused by stress from hospitalization.

Question 80

Most important influence on the growth of a child:

Answer 80

Nutrition

Question 81

What type of play is typical for a preschool child? (197)

Answer 81

Cooperative (share, take turns, interact)

Question 82

At what age do you seek medical help if your child does not talk? (197)

Answer 82

3 years old.

Question 83

When do you expect vision to be 20/20? (198)

Answer 83

School age (6-12)

Question 84

When can a child sit up on their own? (190)

Answer 84

End of the 7th month.

Question 85

Ways of introducing solid foods to a baby: (191)

Answer 85

One at a time, don't mix. Cereal - fruit - vegetables - meats

Question 86

Final stage of human growth and development:

Answer 86

Death

Question 87

What age group to focus on drug education? (929)

Answer 87

Adolescents

Question 88

Position immediately after feeding an infant: (966)

Answer 88

Right side laying so gas can rise above the level of liquid and escape as a burp.

Question 89

What is separation anxiety? (960)

Answer 89

Fear of isolation from parents.

Question 90

What is Family Centered Care? (944)

Answer 90

Philosophy that recognizes family as a constant. Includes parents in the circle of medical treatment.

Question 91

How to instill ear drops in a child? (950)

Answer 91

Pull pinna down and back to straighten the ear canal.

Question 92

When do you prepare toddlers for going to the hospital? (959)

Answer 92

Days before

Question 93

At what Erikson's Stage do children develop trust? (187, 190)

Answer 93

Infancy

Question 94

How do you take the pulse of an infant?

Answer 94

Apical

Question 95

At what age are dental checkups first recommended?

Answer 95

6 months of age.

Question 96

Big change in immunizations in 2000-2001:

Answer 96

PCV is required for 2-23 months old and 24-50 months for those at high risk.

Question 97

Young's rule with medication:

Answer 97

Age (Age + 12) x Average Adult Dosage For over 2 years old.

Question 98

Fried's rule for medication:

Answer 98

Months / 150 Pediatric medication for children under 2 years old.

Question 99

Middle ear infection:

Answer 99

Otitis media