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LVN SEMESTER III > Pediatrics 1 > Flashcards

Pediatrics 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Piaget’s Four Stages of Cognitive Development

A

Sensorimotor.

Preoperational Thought.

Concrete Operational Thought.

Formal Operational Thought.

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2
Q

Piaget’s Sensorimotor

A

0-2 Years.

Uses senses to understand the world. Begins to interact with environment. Develops thinking and goal-directed behavior.

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3
Q

Piaget’s Preoperational Thought

A

2-6 Years.

Develops egocentric thinking. Uses trial and error. Conceptualizes present time only. Logic, intuitive thinking. Imagination.

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4
Q

Piaget’s Concrete Operational Thought

A

7-11 Years.

Understands logical operations. Has realistic views. Improved memory. Multitasking. Cause-and-effect. Conversational.

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5
Q

Piaget’s Formal Operational Thought

A

12+ Years.

Systematic, scientific problem solving. Recognizes past, present, and future. Abstract and hypothetical concepts. Ethical, political, and social issues.

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6
Q

The father of pediatrics and founder of “milk stations.”

A

Abraham Jacobi

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7
Q

Founded the Henry Street Settlement in New York City, and consequently Public Health and Community Nursing.

A

Lillian Wald

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8
Q

Purpose of pediatric nursing.

A

Promoting the highest possible state of health in children.

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9
Q

A 4-year old child is being hospitalized for the first time. His parents are apprehensive about the unknown. The nurse will best address their concerns by.

A

Beginning to provide anticipatory guidance explanations and preparation on first contact.

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10
Q

The single most important influence on growth in the child is thought to be.

A

Nutrition

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11
Q

The most effective method to prepare a child for a pediatric procedure is the.

A

Sensation-based approach

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12
Q

A 16-month old child was admitted to the pediatric floor following surgery for a cleft palate. Why would an elbow SRD be used?

A

To prevent injury to the operative area.

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13
Q

It is essential to know that in pediatric medication administration:

A

BSA is the most reliable method of calculating children’s medication.

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14
Q

A family-centered approach to care is especially important when dealing with which group?

A

Special needs children.

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15
Q

An 18-month old is hospitalized for surgery in the morning. The most helpful intervention to relieve the child’s stress associated with hospitalization is:

A

Encouraging parental presence and rooming in.

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16
Q

Location of IM injections for children under 2 years old.

A

Vastus lateralis muscle

Ventrogluteal muscle

Deltoid muscle

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17
Q

The most common asymmetry with lateral curvature of the spine in the adolescent is known as:

A

Scoliosis

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18
Q

Concern for a 6-month old that is not crawling.

A

Babies develop at their own rate, it is not a concern that a 6-month old is not crawling.

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19
Q

An accurate apical heart rate measurement is possible to assess at which intercostal space?

A

5th (2nd?)

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20
Q

A new patient is 4 years old. On entering the patient’s room for the first time, the nurse will:

A

Be careful not to use words that might be misinterpreted by the child, such as “take your temperature.”

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21
Q

A 5-month old has had abdominal surgery. With regard to pain management, the nurse will consider that:

A

The infant may be comforted by sucking on a pacifier, being swaddled, or being rocked.

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22
Q

When can solid foods be given?

A

Toddlers can be given solid foods at 4-6 months.

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23
Q

The most accurate method to measure urine output in an infant is to:

A

Weight the diaper before and after voiding.

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24
Q

To examine a 6-month old’s ear the nurse pulls the ear:

A

Down and back.

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25
Q

Dental care counseling for 6-month old:

A

Cleanse oral cavity by wiping teeth with damp washcloth.

Avoid toothpaste, especially if fluoridated.

Initiate fluoride supplement at 6 months if water supply isn’t.

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26
Q

An important factor to consider about pediatric obesity:

A

Being overweight or obese sometimes results in major physical or psychological health problems.

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27
Q

Patient information for 15 year old that uses chewing tobacco:

A

Greater risk for lip, gum, and throat cancer.

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28
Q

For infants less than 20 pounds, the car safety seat should face the ____ of the car.

A

Rear

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29
Q

It is acceptable for children weighing more than ____ pounds to ride in a booster seat facing the front of the car.

A

40 pounds

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30
Q

Parents of a 10-month old concerned about motor vehicle safety receive counseling them that:

A

Infants from birth to 20 pounds need to be in a rear facing safety seat.

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31
Q

Advice on sporting participation for a 6 year old school girl:

A

Sport participation in this age group should focus more on enjoyment rather than competition.

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32
Q

HPV vaccines are recommended for girls between what age?

A

11 to 26 years

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33
Q

HPV is the leading cause of:

A

Cervical cancer

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34
Q

According to Piaget, thinking during the first few months is primarily based on:

A

Reflex behavior

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35
Q

First socializing agent for the child is:

A

Family

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36
Q

Erikson’s Task for 4 year old.

A

Initiative vs. Guilt

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37
Q

Most common play for ages 4 - 5.

A

Make-believe

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38
Q

Describe growth during school-ages period:

A

Slow and consistent

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39
Q

8 year old loves to do craft projects. Her need for praise and encouragement for her effort demonstrates her development of Erikson’s task of:

A

Industry

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40
Q

Peak physical strength and endurance occurs during:

A

Early adulthood

41
Q

Principle that describes the direction of growth beginning at the head and moving to the lower extremities:

A

Cephalocaudal

42
Q

Cognitive approach to understanding development is explained by whose theory?

A

Piaget’s

43
Q

According to Erikson, when an infant is cuddled, fed, and loved, the infant will develop:

A

Trust

44
Q

Type of play for a typical preschool child:

A

Imaginary play

45
Q

Piaget’s stage of child between 7 and 11 years.

A

Stage of Concrete Operation

46
Q

In female, onset of postpuberty is marked by:

A

Menarche

47
Q

Erikson’s task of young adult:

A

Identity vs. Confusion

48
Q

Health promoting behaviors the nurse will recommend:

A

Regular medical check ups.

Appropriate prescription use.

Eating low-cholesterol foods.

49
Q

A 2-year old’s negative behavior is normal for her age, helping to meet her need for:

A

Independence

50
Q

Period of cognitive development where the child’s knowledge comes about through sensory impressions:

A

Sensorimotor

51
Q

Describe growth during school-aged period:

A

Steady and slow

52
Q

Typical behavior for toddlers include:

A

Ritualistic behavior

53
Q

Developmental task commonly accomplished by the fourth-month of life:

A

Holding head up at 90-degree angle.

54
Q

Why should nighttime bottles be avoided, especially milk and juices?

A

Promote dental carries.

55
Q

Amblyopia in preschool children may lead to:

A

Blindness

56
Q

Most preventable cause of death in adolescents? (203)

A

Accidents

57
Q

Laws and guidelines for safety seats: (930)

A

0-20 lbs: Rear facing.

20-40 lbs: Front facing.

40+ lbs: Booster seat

58
Q

Leading cause for fatal injury in children: (195)

A

Motor vehicle accidents

59
Q

Abraham Jacobi’s contribution: (941)

A

Father of pediatrics, found of milk stations.

60
Q

Lillian Wald’s contribution: (941)

A

Founded public health and community nursing.

61
Q

The correct way to measure head circumference on a child: (948)

A

Above the eyebrows and pinna, behind the occiput on the back of skull while child is supine.

62
Q

Why would you delay taking a temperature for a child that is crying? (949)

A

Their temperatures will vary wildly, and may show a dramatic increase.

63
Q

How do you take respirations on an infant? How do they breathe differently from adults? (950)

A

They are obligate mouth breathers. They are diaphragmatic (abdominal) breathers and their rates are erratic. Count for a full minute.

64
Q

Effects of opiates on a 3-year old: (962)

A

Fear of respiratory depression.

65
Q

Nurse’s reaction to a child that accidentally wets the bed: (194)

A

Praise successes.

Ignore accidents.

66
Q

Preferred injection sites for IM: (974)

A

Infant: vastus lateralis

Toddler: vastus lateralis

School age: deltoid

67
Q

Normal respiratory rate of an infant: (189)

A

30 breaths per minute.

Irregular and diaphragmatic.

68
Q

Correct way to measure urine output on an infant: (968)

A

Weigh the diaper before and after voiding.

Suprapubic aspiration, collection bag, or catheter.

69
Q

Explaining the temper tantrum of an 18-month old throwing food: (194)

A

Frustration, inability to communicate feelings, lack of impulse control, struggling to be independent.

70
Q

When can an infant receive solid food? (955)

A

6 months

71
Q

Erik Erikson’s developmental stage for ages 1-3: (187)

A

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt.

Seeking independence.

72
Q

Leading cause of death in infants and small children: (192)

A

Accidents

73
Q

Height and weight expected for a 1 year old: (189)

A

30 inches.

21.5 pounds.

74
Q

When does the second stage of rapid physical growth occur? (201)

A

Adolescence (12-19 yo)

75
Q

How much sleep should a toddler receive? (195)

A

12 hours per night

+ daytime nap

76
Q

How do you relieve anxiety in an adolescent preparing for surgery? (960)

A

Allow them to wear personal clothes. Inform them of the procedure ahead of time. Introduce to equipment and rooms.

77
Q

In what order do you take infant vital signs? (949)

A

Respirations, pulse, temperature, BP

78
Q

What age group views hospitalization as a threat to their independence? (961)

A

Adolescents

79
Q

What kinds of things would suddenly trigger ‘sucking thumbs?’ (960)

A

Regression caused by stress from hospitalization.

80
Q

Most important influence on the growth of a child:

A

Nutrition

81
Q

What type of play is typical for a preschool child? (197)

A

Cooperative (share, take turns, interact)

82
Q

At what age do you seek medical help if your child does not talk? (197)

A

3 years old.

83
Q

When do you expect vision to be 20/20? (198)

A

School age (6-12)

84
Q

When can a child sit up on their own? (190)

A

End of the 7th month.

85
Q

Ways of introducing solid foods to a baby: (191)

A

One at a time, don’t mix.

Cereal - fruit - vegetables - meats

86
Q

Final stage of human growth and development:

A

Death

87
Q

What age group to focus on drug education? (929)

A

Adolescents

88
Q

Position immediately after feeding an infant: (966)

A

Right side laying so gas can rise above the level of liquid and escape as a burp.

89
Q

What is separation anxiety? (960)

A

Fear of isolation from parents.

90
Q

What is Family Centered Care? (944)

A

Philosophy that recognizes family as a constant. Includes parents in the circle of medical treatment.

91
Q

How to instill ear drops in a child? (950)

A

Pull pinna down and back to straighten the ear canal.

92
Q

When do you prepare toddlers for going to the hospital? (959)

A

Days before

93
Q

At what Erikson’s Stage do children develop trust? (187, 190)

A

Infancy

94
Q

How do you take the pulse of an infant?

A

Apical

95
Q

At what age are dental checkups first recommended?

A

6 months of age.

96
Q

Big change in immunizations in 2000-2001:

A

PCV is required for 2-23 months old and 24-50 months for those at high risk.

97
Q

Young’s rule with medication:

A

Age (Age + 12) x Average Adult Dosage

For over 2 years old.

98
Q

Fried’s rule for medication:

A

Months / 150

Pediatric medication for children under 2 years old.

99
Q

Middle ear infection:

A

Otitis media

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