Pediatrics 2 Flashcards
S/s of coarctation of the aorta (991)
Coarctation is narrowing of the lumen of the aorta. This results in increased pressure to the head and upper extremities, with lower pressure in the lower extremities.
BP in the arms are +20 compared to the legs, with a bounding pulse.
Treatment for iron deficiency anemia (992).
Oral iron supplements.
Iron fortified diet.
Pack RBC blood transfusion.
Why is there so much pain with sickle cell anemia (993).
Occlusion of capillaries impedes blood flow creating pain in joints.
Methods to avoid sickle cell crisis (994)
Avoid situations leading to hypoxia and sickling.
Infection, dehydration, emotional stress, and strenuous activity.
What would the results of a blood test for a hemophiliac patient yield (995)
Normal PT, INR, and platelet count.
Increased PTT time and missing Factors VIII and IX.
What is pediculosis capitis (1058)
Common head lice. The mites suck blood on the scalp. They spread by direct contact and does not jump.
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) (996)
Decrease in platelets causes bleeding under the skin.
Platelet count will be below 20k. Petechia. Epistaxis.
Foods indicated for someone with iron deficiency anemia (993)
Meats.
Iron rich foods with citrus fruits.
S/s hydrocephalus (1043)
Widening or bulging of fontanelles, creating a separation of the cranial sutures.
Increased head circumference and frontal bossing.
Nursing intervention if you witness a child experiencing a seizure (1046)
Prevent injuries during a seizure. Padding bed rails, side rails up, assist chid to floor is sitting up, turn child’s head to the side to prevent aspiration if indicated.
S/s of eczema (atopic dermatitis) (1052)
Lesions, erythema, vesicles, papules, and oozing puss.
Noticed on cheeks, scalp, and trunk of child. Lichenification.
Medical treatment for patent ductus arteriosis (987)
Use of indomethican to close opening.
Surgical placement of clip.
S/s of impetigo (1057)
Honey colored crust on the face and butt.
S/s of cellulitis (1057)
Fever, malaise, erythmatous, warm, painful.
S/s of tinea pedis (1057)
Athlete’s foot. Itchy, red fungal infection of the feet especially between the toes.
S/s of candidiasis (1056)
Pustules, white and yellow, curdle patch, thrush.
Treatment for candidiasis (1057)
Nystatin
Medication to be avoided when the child has a viral infection
Aspirin, because it can lead to Reye’s syndrome.
S/s of meningitis (1041)
Opisthotones (arched back), nuchal rigidity (stiff neck), fever, vomiting, headache, irritability, photophobia, seizures, high pitched crying, bulging fontanelles, Kernig’s sign, Brudzinski sign.
Diagnostic test for hydrocephalus (1043)
Measurement of the head circumference is the most indicative marker.
Also ICP, CT, MRI.
Parent teaching for child with VP (ventricular peritoneal) shunt (1044)
Observe for signs of ICP. Place child on non-operative side to avoid pressure on the shunt. Recognize signs of shunt malfunction. Transport in a ‘car bed.’
Normal blood lead levels (1049)
> 10mg/dL is considered blood poisoning.
< 10mcg/dL is non-burden.
S/s of blood lead poisoning (1049)
Pica, lowered IQ, learning disability, slowed development.
S/s of atrial septal defect (ASD) (990)
Connected L/R atrium.
Heart failure. Harsh systolic murmur.