Pediatrics 2 Flashcards
S/s of coarctation of the aorta (991)
Coarctation is narrowing of the lumen of the aorta. This results in increased pressure to the head and upper extremities, with lower pressure in the lower extremities.
BP in the arms are +20 compared to the legs, with a bounding pulse.
Treatment for iron deficiency anemia (992).
Oral iron supplements.
Iron fortified diet.
Pack RBC blood transfusion.
Why is there so much pain with sickle cell anemia (993).
Occlusion of capillaries impedes blood flow creating pain in joints.
Methods to avoid sickle cell crisis (994)
Avoid situations leading to hypoxia and sickling.
Infection, dehydration, emotional stress, and strenuous activity.
What would the results of a blood test for a hemophiliac patient yield (995)
Normal PT, INR, and platelet count.
Increased PTT time and missing Factors VIII and IX.
What is pediculosis capitis (1058)
Common head lice. The mites suck blood on the scalp. They spread by direct contact and does not jump.
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) (996)
Decrease in platelets causes bleeding under the skin.
Platelet count will be below 20k. Petechia. Epistaxis.
Foods indicated for someone with iron deficiency anemia (993)
Meats.
Iron rich foods with citrus fruits.
S/s hydrocephalus (1043)
Widening or bulging of fontanelles, creating a separation of the cranial sutures.
Increased head circumference and frontal bossing.
Nursing intervention if you witness a child experiencing a seizure (1046)
Prevent injuries during a seizure. Padding bed rails, side rails up, assist chid to floor is sitting up, turn child’s head to the side to prevent aspiration if indicated.
S/s of eczema (atopic dermatitis) (1052)
Lesions, erythema, vesicles, papules, and oozing puss.
Noticed on cheeks, scalp, and trunk of child. Lichenification.
Medical treatment for patent ductus arteriosis (987)
Use of indomethican to close opening.
Surgical placement of clip.
S/s of impetigo (1057)
Honey colored crust on the face and butt.
S/s of cellulitis (1057)
Fever, malaise, erythmatous, warm, painful.
S/s of tinea pedis (1057)
Athlete’s foot. Itchy, red fungal infection of the feet especially between the toes.
S/s of candidiasis (1056)
Pustules, white and yellow, curdle patch, thrush.
Treatment for candidiasis (1057)
Nystatin
Medication to be avoided when the child has a viral infection
Aspirin, because it can lead to Reye’s syndrome.
S/s of meningitis (1041)
Opisthotones (arched back), nuchal rigidity (stiff neck), fever, vomiting, headache, irritability, photophobia, seizures, high pitched crying, bulging fontanelles, Kernig’s sign, Brudzinski sign.
Diagnostic test for hydrocephalus (1043)
Measurement of the head circumference is the most indicative marker.
Also ICP, CT, MRI.
Parent teaching for child with VP (ventricular peritoneal) shunt (1044)
Observe for signs of ICP. Place child on non-operative side to avoid pressure on the shunt. Recognize signs of shunt malfunction. Transport in a ‘car bed.’
Normal blood lead levels (1049)
> 10mg/dL is considered blood poisoning.
< 10mcg/dL is non-burden.
S/s of blood lead poisoning (1049)
Pica, lowered IQ, learning disability, slowed development.
S/s of atrial septal defect (ASD) (990)
Connected L/R atrium.
Heart failure. Harsh systolic murmur.
Describe blood flow for patent ductus arteriosis (987)
High pressure aorta blood flows back into low pressure pulmonary artery.
What is transposition of the great vessels (991)
RV -> aorta
LV -> pulmonary artery
S/s of babies born with transposition of the great vessels (991)
Profound cyanosis.
Cardiomegaly on x-ray.
Tetralogy of Fallot (990)
Pulmonary stenosis.
VSD.
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy.
Overriding aorta.
Barrier to prevent diaper dermatitis (1051)
A/D Ointment.
Destin.
Zinc Oxide.
Causes of infantile eczema (1052)
Food allergies.
Abnormal skin function.
Dry skin, irritants, stress, heat, sweat, allergens.
Tinea corpus (1056)
Fungal infection of the body.
Tinea pedis (1056)
Fungal infection of the foot.
Tinea cruris (1056)
Fungal infection of the crotch (jock itch).
Tinea capitis (1056)
Fungal infection of the head.
Non-invasive technique for correction of hip dysplasia (DDH) (1035)
Pavlik harness.
Position head of the femur into acetabulum and maintain hip abduction.
Adams test (1036)
Test for scoliosis.
Posterior postural observation of the undressed child bending forward with arms dangling. Checking for curvature, asymmetry, and rib hump.
Conditions that may encourage otitis media (1058, 1015)
Chronic ear infection from complications of cleft palate.
Complications arising from upper respiratory reinfection.
Myringotomy (1061)
Tiny incision into the ear drum to reduce pressure from middle ear infection.
Tympanostomy (1061)
In chronic otitis media, tympanostomy tubes are used to prevent hearing loss by relieving the pressure from fluid during infection.
Tubes are spontaneously rejected after 6 months.
Patient positioning for suspected ruptured tympanic membrane (1062)
Lay on the affected side helps to alleviate the pain and drain fluid if present.
Conditions which may cause recurrence of otitis media (1015)
Cleft palate.