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FALL SEMESTER 2018 > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

purposes of female reproductive system

A

produces and delivers games and provides nutrition and safe harbor for fetal development gives birth and nourishes infant

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2
Q

where is external genitalia located

A

perineum

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3
Q

what is in perineum

A

clitoris, labia minora, labia majora

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4
Q

what are the part of the vulva and pudendum

A

clitoris, vestibular bulbs and greater and lesser vestibular and paraurethral glands

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5
Q

clitoris

A

erectile sensory organ (blood supply)

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6
Q

vestibular bulbs

A

erectile tissue deep to labia majora

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7
Q

greater and lesser vestibular and paraurethral glands

A

open into vestibular for lubrication

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8
Q

mons pons

A

fat over pubic symphysis with most of pubic hair

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9
Q

labia majora

A

thick folds and adipose tissue inferior to the mons has hair

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10
Q

pudendal cleft

A

fissure between labia majora

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11
Q

labia minora

A

hairless folds medial of labia majora

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12
Q

labia minora forms

A

vestibular=urethral and vaginal openings

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13
Q

ova

A

egg cells

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14
Q

what produces egg cell and sex hormones

A

ovaries

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15
Q

where do the germ cells develop

A

outer cortex of ovaries

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16
Q

each egg develops in its

A

own fluid filled follicle

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17
Q

ovaries are attached to uterus by

A

ovarian ligament

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18
Q

ovaries are attached to pelvic wall

A

suspensory ligament

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19
Q

another name for uterine tube

A

Fallopian tube

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20
Q

ovaries are anchored to broad ligament by

A

mesovarian

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21
Q

where do ovarian veins lymphatics and nerves travel through

A

suspensory ligament

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22
Q

fallopian tubes go from

A

ovary to uterus

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23
Q

infundibulum

A

flared trumpet shaped distal ovarian end

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24
Q

fimbriae

A

feathery projections on infundibulum

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25
Q

ampulla

A

middle and longest part

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26
Q

isthmus

A

narrower end towards uterus

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27
Q

uterus

A

muscular chamber pear like shaped that opens to roof of vagina

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28
Q

fundus

A

broad superior curvature

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29
Q

body (corpus)

A

middle

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30
Q

cervix

A

cylindrical inferior end

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31
Q

parts of uterus

A

fundus, body, cervix

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32
Q

lumen

A

roughly triangular potential space

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33
Q

what connects lumen to vagina

A

cervical canal

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34
Q

cervical glands

A

secrete mucus that prevents spread of microorganisms from vagina to uterus

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35
Q

parts of uterine wall

A

perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium

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36
Q

perimetrium

A

external serosa layer

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37
Q

myometrium

A

smooth muscle middle most of uterine wall

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38
Q

endometrium

A

inner mucosa, simple columnar epithelial

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39
Q

layers of endometrium

A

functional layer, basal layer

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40
Q

functional layer

A

superficial half shed each menstrual period

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41
Q

basal layer

A

regenerates new functional layer with each menstrual cycle

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42
Q

where is the site of attachment of the embryo and placenta where fetus is nourished

A

endometrium

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43
Q

endometriosis

A

growth of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus

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44
Q

vagina glands or no

A

no

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45
Q

vagina allows for

A

discharge of mentrual fluid, recept of penis and semen and birth of baby

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46
Q

what forms hymen

A

mucosal folds

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47
Q

vagina undergoes

A

metaplasia simple cubiodial then estrogen that transform it into stratified squamous

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48
Q

what does the female reproductive tract develop from

A

paramesonephric ducts

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49
Q

what do paramesonephric ducts develop into

A

uterine tubes uterus and vagina

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50
Q

how many eggs is a female born with

A

2 mil

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51
Q

hormone process of development of reproductive tract

A

rising levels of GnRH which stimulates A.P. to secrete FSH and LH

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52
Q

first central cycle

A

menarche

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53
Q

what does menarche require

A

at least 17% body fat

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54
Q

what stimulates gonadotropin secretion

A

leptin

55
Q

anaovulatory

A

no egg ovulated

56
Q

where does the production of egg start

A

fetus

57
Q

oogonia

A

stem cell

58
Q

what uses mitosis to produce 1st oocyte

A

oogonia

59
Q

1 oocyte starts meiosis 1 but stops at

A

prophase 1

60
Q

when does meiosis continue

A

puberty

61
Q

puberty produces a

A

2ry oocyte and a polar body

62
Q

2ry is aressted in `

A

metaphase 2 of meiosis 2 and secreted during ovulation

63
Q

once 2ry oocyte is fertilized

A

it will end meiosis 2

64
Q

mature follicle

A

follicle with ovum that will ovulate

65
Q

what holds FSH

A

mature follicle

66
Q

preovulatory follicle

A

Graafian follicle

67
Q

what stimulated ovarian follicles

A

FSH

68
Q

once ovarian follicle are stimulated then

A

they begin to secrete estrogen proesterone, inhibit and small amount of androgen

69
Q

what selectively surpasses FSH secretion

A

inhibin

70
Q

what triggers ovulation and converts follicles into corpus luteum

A

LH

71
Q

what secretes progesterone

A

corpus luteum

72
Q

sexual cycle begins with

A

follicular phase

73
Q

when does mentruation occur

A

first 3-5 days of cycle

74
Q

follicular phase

A

uterus replaces lost tissue by mitosis and follicles grow by FSH, estrogen secretion

75
Q

ovulation Is around day

A

14

76
Q

ovulation Is stimulated by

A

increase in LH

77
Q

once ovum is secreted follicle becomes

A

corpus luteum

78
Q

in luteal phase corpus luteum will secrete

A

progesterone

79
Q

in luteal phase, as corpus luteum deteriorates

A

hormone level drops

80
Q

in luteal phase what breaks down in the last two days

A

endometrium

81
Q

climacteric

A

midlife change in hormone secretion , menopause

82
Q

when ovaries stop producing estrogen

A

dry vag mood swings hot flashes increased cholesterol and decreased HDL

83
Q

what causes hot flashes

A

vasodilation

84
Q

during pregnancy, what stimulates the development of milk producing ducts

A

estrogen

85
Q

after delivery prolactin does what

A

stimulates the production of milk

86
Q

after delivery what does oxytocin do

A

stimulates the ejection of the milk

87
Q

shat enlarges at puberty

A

lips and collagenous tissue over pectorals major

88
Q

mammary gland

A

develops within great during pregnancy

89
Q

breast parts

A

body auxiliary tail

90
Q

body

A

conical to pendulous with nipple as its apex

91
Q

axillary tail

A

extension toward armpit

92
Q

what surrounds the nipple

A

areola

93
Q

what attachés the breast to dermis

A

suspensory ligaments

94
Q

in breast cancer tumors begins with cells from

A

mammary ducts

95
Q

scrotum

A

ouch of skin, muscle, contains testes

96
Q

what divides scrotum into right and left

A

internal median septum

97
Q

what is perineal raphe

A

medial seam on scrotum

98
Q

spermatic cord

A

connective fissure bundles containing ductus deferent, blood and lymphatic vessels , and testicular nerve

99
Q

what three ways does scrotum regulate temp

A

cremaster muscle, dartos muscle, pampiniform plexus

100
Q

cremaster muscle

A

strips internal abdominal oblique muscle

101
Q

dartos muscle

A

contracts when cold wrinkling the scrotum holding tests against warm body

102
Q

what mechanism to regulate temperature surrounds testicular artery and spermatic cord

A

pampiniform plexus

103
Q

where is the sperm produced

A

seminiferous tubules

104
Q

what protects germ cells and promotes this development

A

sustentacular cells

105
Q

what produces testosterone

A

interstitial cells

106
Q

sutentocytes offer what

A

support

107
Q

blood-testis barrier

A

separates sperm from immune system

108
Q

what collects sperm from seminiferous tubules

A

rete testis

109
Q

inguinal canal

A

hernia, direct indirect ducts

110
Q

epididymus

A

sperm storage for 60 days

111
Q

ejaculatory duct

A

through prostate merge through urethra

112
Q

seminal vesicles

A

empties into ejaculatory duct

113
Q

prostate gland

A

located below the bladder and ejaculatory duct , thin milky secretion forms 30% of semen

114
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

noncancerous enlargement of prostate

115
Q

half of penis is

A

internal root

116
Q

foreskin

A

prepuce

117
Q

erectile fissure

A

single corpus spongiosum two corpora cavernous

118
Q

testes secrete testosterone in

A

first trimester of fetal development

119
Q

what awakens reproductive system

A

pituitary gonadotropins

120
Q

puberty in boys

A

first ejaculation of viability;e sperm in boys

121
Q

what binds to leydig cells to produce and secrete testosterone and estrogen

A

LH

122
Q

if there is a decrease in testosterone then

A

atrophy of organs, decrease semen and impairs erection and ejaculation

123
Q

what stimulate spermatogenesis and keeps testosterone levels

A

FSH

124
Q

spermatogenesis is regulated in

A

Sertoli cells

125
Q

primary stem cell divides by BLANK to produce BLANK

A

mitosis, 1ry spermatocyte

126
Q

1ry spermatocyte divide through BLANK to produce BLANK

A

MEIOSIS 1, 2 haploid cells (2ry spermatocyte)

127
Q

2ry spermatocyte divide through BLANK to produce BLANK

A

meiosis 2, 4 haploide cells, spermatids

128
Q

spermatids mature into

A

spermatozoa

129
Q

semen

A

fluid expelled during orgasm

130
Q

what 2 things are required for sperm motility

A

elevated Ph and energy source

131
Q

sympathetics help reduce

A

erection

132
Q

parasympathetic induce

A

secretion

133
Q

emission

A

sns stimulates peristalsis which propels sperm though ducts as glandular secretions are added

FALL SEMESTER 2018 (9 decks)

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