EXAM 1 micro lecture Flashcards
examples of microbes
bacteria virus fungi protozones
Bacteria
living cells
virus
not considered living
fungi
mold spores, small gap microscope of fungi
Golden age of microbiology
late 1800s early 1900s
Who created first microscope
van leeuwenhoek
Who created 1st mass market microscope (reasonable price)?
Zeiss Corp Switzerland
What was different about the first mass market microscope?
stacked lenses, ocular
Why do disruptive technologies help microbiology?
invasive, treating patients as “laboratory”, challenge “status quo”
2 biggest obstacles in surgery
pain, post opt infections
If you fix pain level in surgery for patients how does it help surgeries overall
better operations, broad options, longer period to operate
why was anesthesia a disruptive technology
patients might die, pain is “gods way of talking to you”, some people thought pain is natural way of healing
miasma cloud
if you do something bad, you gets zapped with disease
What things are used as anesthesia
ether, cocaine
did they keep or get rid of idea of spontaneous generation
had to get rid of it and replace it with something else
who experimented with spontaneous generation
Louis pasteur
what did Louis Pasteur demonstrate
microbes are transported by air & life comes from life
what is theory of biogenesis
living things can only come through living things
how did Louis Pasteur flask prove spontaneous generation wrong
his s shape flask kept microbes out but let air in
What is kochs germ theory of disease
bacteria can cause disease
what does biogenesis lead to
Kochs postulates
acute disease
severe and sudden in onset
chronic
long developing
what is the causing agent of anthrax
bacillus anthracis
where is anthrax found
soil
why do we not need to make antibodies 24/7
bc macrophages
antigen
toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body
antibodies
a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen
examples of white blood cell
lymphocyte, neurtrophili, esophil, basophil, macrophage, monocyte
monocyte
circulating blood stream
what is similar about macrophages and monocytes
they are they same just depending where you find them
macrophages
tissue
another name for macrophages
dendritic cells
where are monocytes created
stem cells in bone marrow
what created macrophages
monocytes
what process does macrophages use to destroy and get rid of unwanted particles
phagocytosis
antigens complex form macrophages are made how
peptide fragments from particles with some of its own proteins
old time word TB
Consumption
how many europeans died in the golden age from TB
1/4
is TB acute and chronic
chronic
why is it not normal for the time that TB is chronic
because bacterial infections were usually said to be acute infections
once monocyte leaves blood can it go back into blood
NO
what is the differences of shapes between monocyte and macrophages
more circular monocyte macrophages are dysformed
examples of acute diseases
cold flu small pox chicken pox measles
what are the three major events of clinical microbiology ?
- seeing is believing and new technologies 2. You can’t get something from nothing 3. Koch’s Germ Theory of disease
the case study of the red leg was a case of
necrotizing fasciitis
fascitis means
fascia infection or inflammation
fascia connective tissue wraps
around tissue
dilemma of case of red leg
cellulitis or N.F.
WHAT IS DEBRIDEMENT
wash out all dead or bad stuff
what is cellulitis
infection of supra layer of skin #1 staf aures
what is microbiome project
determineing what microbes are in and on us
why is the microbial ecosystem in and on our body complex
due to the availability of many different colonization sites
what do the colonization sites offer
diff chemistries, oxygen availability, PH, WATER CONTENT, uv LIGHT EXPOSURE
pathogens
disease causing bacteria
example of pathogens
flu virus, Lyme disease, measles
what is opportunists
non pathogens; take advantage by 1. new location 2. immunocompromised host
what is chronic C diff
clostridium difficile
example of chronic C diff
fecal microbiome transplant
what were the two biggest obstacles in surgery
pain and infections
prior to koch germ theory of disease what was rare
aseptic techniques
what was observed 1 of Semmelweis
more deaths on surgeons than midwives
obs 2 of Semmelweis
home delivers brought fewer deaths
obs 3 of Semmelweis
no link to death and weather
obs 4 of Semmelweis
the more cutting the more trama the patient
obs 5 of Semmelweis
usually both mother and child die with child bed fever
obs 6 of Semmelweis
dr autospy in dead women slices hand and dies of child bed fever 48 hours later
what did Semmelweis conclude after his observations
child bed fever was because of cadaver particles
symptoms of child bed fever
high fever and low blood pressure
what percentage of patients die of post opt infections
90%
what is the #1 causing agent of cf
strep grop B which is normal vaginal microbiome
how can you see if you have strep group b inn vagina
prenatal swab
father of aseptic techniques
lister
who started using carbolic acid in surgery
lister
what public thing came of carbolic acid used in surgeries
carbolic smoke ball
who created milder antiseptic for general use
joseph Lawrence
when was beginning of public health movement in us
1914
the golden age of microbiology was a great time of momentum for
new technologies, new techniques, new funding, new status
public health in 1900 included
people and higher education, altering behaviors, education programs, bathroom designs, hotel bedding, and paper cups
us public health starts in
NY
Listers role in hospital cleanliness
new hospitals, younger physicians,
a strain is
a descendant of a single bacteria
there are certain BLANK in species
strains
3 domain system divides cellular life into
archaea, bacteria, eukaryote
one reason for decrease in typhoid fever
fly swatting
what is number 1 cute of oral throat cancer
human paploma virus
what are two public health interventions that had greater impact on global health
vaccine programs and clean h2o, sanitation
causative agent
pathogen that causes a disease
ncd
non communicable (catching) disease
example of ncd
cancer, stroke, diabetes, oestoprosis, allergies and asthma
leaky gut syndrome
bacteria move out and into the bloodstream and then your immune system produces antibodies then the AB binds to receptors and can bind to reception on nerve cells because the receptor in similar
leaky gut syndrome can lead to
multiple sclerosis
autoimmune disease
disease in which the body’s immune system attacks healthy cells
lung microbiome
deeper in lung = less bacteria but deep deep deep in lung tissue is pockets of bacteria
lung microbiome cystic fibrosis
pockets of different bacteria than healthy people
how many species in ocular microbiome
12
what bacteria is not part of ocular microbiome
s. aures
what do the bacteria in the outer eye eat
dead corneal cells
where is ocular microbiome
cornea
maternal microbiome
2 sources 1. milk 2. moms gut
maternal microbiome moms gut
gut, placenta, fetus (intestinal floral
maternal microbiome milk
moms antibodies (6mONTHS)
what is in milk microbiome
prebiotic (fiber protein)
skin microbiome
many types and numbers 2nd most go tract is 1st
where there antibiotics in the 1900s
no
what causative agent for childbed fever
s. agalactiae (group b strep)
what causative agent for strep throat or necrotizing fasciitis
s. pyogenes (group a strep)
is pseudomanas aeruqinosa pathogenic or an opportunist
opportunists
what causative agent for those with cystic fibrosis
pseudomanas aeruqinosa
what is known to cause pheuomina in cystic fibrosis and elderly
pseudomanas aeruqinosa
