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FALL SEMESTER 2018 > EXAM 1 micro lecture > Flashcards

EXAM 1 micro lecture Flashcards

1
Q

examples of microbes

A

bacteria virus fungi protozones

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2
Q

Bacteria

A

living cells

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3
Q

virus

A

not considered living

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4
Q

fungi

A

mold spores, small gap microscope of fungi

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5
Q

Golden age of microbiology

A

late 1800s early 1900s

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6
Q

Who created first microscope

A

van leeuwenhoek

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7
Q

Who created 1st mass market microscope (reasonable price)?

A

Zeiss Corp Switzerland

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8
Q

What was different about the first mass market microscope?

A

stacked lenses, ocular

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9
Q

Why do disruptive technologies help microbiology?

A

invasive, treating patients as “laboratory”, challenge “status quo”

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10
Q

2 biggest obstacles in surgery

A

pain, post opt infections

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11
Q

If you fix pain level in surgery for patients how does it help surgeries overall

A

better operations, broad options, longer period to operate

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12
Q

why was anesthesia a disruptive technology

A

patients might die, pain is “gods way of talking to you”, some people thought pain is natural way of healing

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13
Q

miasma cloud

A

if you do something bad, you gets zapped with disease

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14
Q

What things are used as anesthesia

A

ether, cocaine

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15
Q

did they keep or get rid of idea of spontaneous generation

A

had to get rid of it and replace it with something else

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16
Q

who experimented with spontaneous generation

A

Louis pasteur

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17
Q

what did Louis Pasteur demonstrate

A

microbes are transported by air & life comes from life

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18
Q

what is theory of biogenesis

A

living things can only come through living things

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19
Q

how did Louis Pasteur flask prove spontaneous generation wrong

A

his s shape flask kept microbes out but let air in

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20
Q

What is kochs germ theory of disease

A

bacteria can cause disease

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21
Q

what does biogenesis lead to

A

Kochs postulates

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22
Q

acute disease

A

severe and sudden in onset

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23
Q

chronic

A

long developing

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24
Q

what is the causing agent of anthrax

A

bacillus anthracis

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25
Q

where is anthrax found

A

soil

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26
Q

why do we not need to make antibodies 24/7

A

bc macrophages

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27
Q

antigen

A

toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body

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28
Q

antibodies

A

a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen

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29
Q

examples of white blood cell

A

lymphocyte, neurtrophili, esophil, basophil, macrophage, monocyte

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30
Q

monocyte

A

circulating blood stream

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31
Q

what is similar about macrophages and monocytes

A

they are they same just depending where you find them

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32
Q

macrophages

A

tissue

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33
Q

another name for macrophages

A

dendritic cells

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34
Q

where are monocytes created

A

stem cells in bone marrow

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35
Q

what created macrophages

A

monocytes

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36
Q

what process does macrophages use to destroy and get rid of unwanted particles

A

phagocytosis

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37
Q

antigens complex form macrophages are made how

A

peptide fragments from particles with some of its own proteins

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38
Q

old time word TB

A

Consumption

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39
Q

how many europeans died in the golden age from TB

A

1/4

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40
Q

is TB acute and chronic

A

chronic

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41
Q

why is it not normal for the time that TB is chronic

A

because bacterial infections were usually said to be acute infections

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42
Q

once monocyte leaves blood can it go back into blood

A

NO

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43
Q

what is the differences of shapes between monocyte and macrophages

A

more circular monocyte macrophages are dysformed

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44
Q

examples of acute diseases

A

cold flu small pox chicken pox measles

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45
Q

what are the three major events of clinical microbiology ?

A
  1. seeing is believing and new technologies 2. You can’t get something from nothing 3. Koch’s Germ Theory of disease
46
Q

the case study of the red leg was a case of

A

necrotizing fasciitis

47
Q

fascitis means

A

fascia infection or inflammation

48
Q

fascia connective tissue wraps

A

around tissue

49
Q

dilemma of case of red leg

A

cellulitis or N.F.

50
Q

WHAT IS DEBRIDEMENT

A

wash out all dead or bad stuff

51
Q

what is cellulitis

A 
infection of supra layer of skin 
#1 staf aures
52
Q

what is microbiome project

A

determineing what microbes are in and on us

53
Q

why is the microbial ecosystem in and on our body complex

A

due to the availability of many different colonization sites

54
Q

what do the colonization sites offer

A

diff chemistries, oxygen availability, PH, WATER CONTENT, uv LIGHT EXPOSURE

55
Q

pathogens

A

disease causing bacteria

56
Q

example of pathogens

A

flu virus, Lyme disease, measles

57
Q

what is opportunists

A

non pathogens; take advantage by 1. new location 2. immunocompromised host

58
Q

what is chronic C diff

A

clostridium difficile

59
Q

example of chronic C diff

A

fecal microbiome transplant

60
Q

what were the two biggest obstacles in surgery

A

pain and infections

61
Q

prior to koch germ theory of disease what was rare

A

aseptic techniques

62
Q

what was observed 1 of Semmelweis

A

more deaths on surgeons than midwives

63
Q

obs 2 of Semmelweis

A

home delivers brought fewer deaths

64
Q

obs 3 of Semmelweis

A

no link to death and weather

65
Q

obs 4 of Semmelweis

A

the more cutting the more trama the patient

66
Q

obs 5 of Semmelweis

A

usually both mother and child die with child bed fever

67
Q

obs 6 of Semmelweis

A

dr autospy in dead women slices hand and dies of child bed fever 48 hours later

68
Q

what did Semmelweis conclude after his observations

A

child bed fever was because of cadaver particles

69
Q

symptoms of child bed fever

A

high fever and low blood pressure

70
Q

what percentage of patients die of post opt infections

A

90%

71
Q

what is the #1 causing agent of cf

A

strep grop B which is normal vaginal microbiome

72
Q

how can you see if you have strep group b inn vagina

A

prenatal swab

73
Q

father of aseptic techniques

A

lister

74
Q

who started using carbolic acid in surgery

A

lister

75
Q

what public thing came of carbolic acid used in surgeries

A

carbolic smoke ball

76
Q

who created milder antiseptic for general use

A

joseph Lawrence

77
Q

when was beginning of public health movement in us

A

1914

78
Q

the golden age of microbiology was a great time of momentum for

A

new technologies, new techniques, new funding, new status

79
Q

public health in 1900 included

A

people and higher education, altering behaviors, education programs, bathroom designs, hotel bedding, and paper cups

80
Q

us public health starts in

A

NY

81
Q

Listers role in hospital cleanliness

A

new hospitals, younger physicians,

82
Q

a strain is

A

a descendant of a single bacteria

83
Q

there are certain BLANK in species

A

strains

84
Q

3 domain system divides cellular life into

A

archaea, bacteria, eukaryote

85
Q

one reason for decrease in typhoid fever

A

fly swatting

86
Q

what is number 1 cute of oral throat cancer

A

human paploma virus

87
Q

what are two public health interventions that had greater impact on global health

A

vaccine programs and clean h2o, sanitation

88
Q

causative agent

A

pathogen that causes a disease

89
Q

ncd

A

non communicable (catching) disease

90
Q

example of ncd

A

cancer, stroke, diabetes, oestoprosis, allergies and asthma

91
Q

leaky gut syndrome

A

bacteria move out and into the bloodstream and then your immune system produces antibodies then the AB binds to receptors and can bind to reception on nerve cells because the receptor in similar

92
Q

leaky gut syndrome can lead to

A

multiple sclerosis

93
Q

autoimmune disease

A

disease in which the body’s immune system attacks healthy cells

94
Q

lung microbiome

A

deeper in lung = less bacteria but deep deep deep in lung tissue is pockets of bacteria

95
Q

lung microbiome cystic fibrosis

A

pockets of different bacteria than healthy people

96
Q

how many species in ocular microbiome

A

12

97
Q

what bacteria is not part of ocular microbiome

A

s. aures

98
Q

what do the bacteria in the outer eye eat

A

dead corneal cells

99
Q

where is ocular microbiome

A

cornea

100
Q

maternal microbiome

A

2 sources 1. milk 2. moms gut

101
Q

maternal microbiome moms gut

A

gut, placenta, fetus (intestinal floral

102
Q

maternal microbiome milk

A

moms antibodies (6mONTHS)

103
Q

what is in milk microbiome

A

prebiotic (fiber protein)

104
Q

skin microbiome

A

many types and numbers 2nd most go tract is 1st

105
Q

where there antibiotics in the 1900s

A

no

106
Q

what causative agent for childbed fever

A

s. agalactiae (group b strep)

107
Q

what causative agent for strep throat or necrotizing fasciitis

A

s. pyogenes (group a strep)

108
Q

is pseudomanas aeruqinosa pathogenic or an opportunist

A

opportunists

109
Q

what causative agent for those with cystic fibrosis

A

pseudomanas aeruqinosa

110
Q

what is known to cause pheuomina in cystic fibrosis and elderly

A

pseudomanas aeruqinosa

FALL SEMESTER 2018 (9 decks)

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